基于尾流函数的明渠流量计算方法研究  

Research on open channel flow calculation method based on wake function

作　　者：刘建丽 张凯 白美健[1,2] 张宝忠 邵帅超[1,2] LIU Jianli;ZHANG Kai;BAI Meijian;ZHANG Baozhong;SHAO Shuaichao(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Ministry of Water Resources Digital Twin Basin Key Laboratory,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部数字孪生流域重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报(中英文)》2025年第2期173-183,共11页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900804);中国水利水电科学研究院创新团队项目(ID0145B042021)。

摘　　要：断面平均流速的合理表征是明渠水流精准计量的关键,针对通过加密测点获取断面平均流速耗时耗力的问题,本文提出了一种基于尾流交点流速表征断面平均流速的明渠流量计算方法。本文在山东省水资源计量装备产业计量测试中心可变渠检测系统开展试验,设置了0.5、1.0两个边坡系数和0.42、0.83、1.56和2.03 m~3/s四个流量梯度共8组试验,研究不同组合下断面流速分布规律,利用尾流函数拟合了中垂线流速数据,提出了断面测流的点面转换法,分析了标准规范法和点面转换法的测流误差,并在石津灌区干渠开展应用。结果表明,对于宽浅型明渠最大流速发生在中垂线水面,不同尾流强度系数的实测流速拟合曲线交于一点,不同组合下尾流交点流速与断面平均流速呈较好的线性关系,采用点面流速转换关系的流量计算误差小于3.32%,满足标准规范法要求;点面转换法在河北石津灌区渠首测站得到了较好的应用,测流误差小于3.10%,与标准规范法相比测点减少了40%以上。研究表明点面转换法在保证测流精度的同时可显著减少测点数量,对提高灌区测流效率具有较高的实用价值。The reasonable representation of the average flow velocity in the cross-section is a key factor in accurate measurement of open channel flow.This paper proposes a method for calculating the flow rate in a open channel based on the velocity characterization of the cross-section using the wake intersection flow velocity.Experiments were conducted at the Shandong Province Water Resources Equipment Industry Measurement and Testing Center’s variable channel detection system.Eight sets of experiments were conducted with two slope coefficients of 0.5 and 1.0,and four flow gradients of 0.42,0.83,1.56,and 2.03 m 3/s.The study investigated the distribution of flow velocities in different combinations,fitted the mid-line velocity data using the wake function,proposed a point-to-surface conversion method for flow measurement,analyzed the flow measurement errors between the standard method and the point-to-surface conversion method,and applied it in the canal of the Shijin Irrigation District.The results showed that for wide and shallow open channels,the maximum flow velocity occurs at the mid-line water surface,and the fitted curves of the measured flow velocities with different wake intensity coefficients intersect at a point.The flow velocity at the wake intersection point under different combinations has a good linear relationship with the cross-sectional average flow velocity.The flow rate calculation error using the point-to-surface velocity conversion relationship was less than 3.32%,meeting the requirements of the standard method.The point-to-surface conversion method applied at the head measurement station of the Shijin Irrigation District in Hebei Province yielded a flow measurement error of less than 3.10%,reducing the measurement points by more than 40%compared to the standard method.The study shows that the point-to-surface conversion method can significantly reduce the number of measurement points while ensuring measurement accuracy,demonstrating its high practical value for improving the efficiency of flow me

关 键 词：明渠 流速分布 尾流函数 流速面积法 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]