基于生物炭调控的生物法治理酸性矿山废水的研究进展  

Research progress of biological treatment of acid mine drainage based on biochar regulation

作　　者：李振国 周俊 刘奋武[1] 毕文龙 LI Zhenguo;ZHOU Jun;LIU Fenwu;BI Wenlong(Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801,China;School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院环境工程实验室,山西晋中030801 [2]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,南京211816

出　　处：《有色金属(矿山部分)》2025年第2期204-212,共9页NONFERROUS METALS(Mining Section)

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D211013-4);国家自然科学基金项目-面上项目(32371538);江苏省重点研发计划重点项目(BZ2022052)资助。

摘　　要：酸性矿山废水(Acid Mine Drainage,AMD)具有重金属、硫酸根、Fe离子含量高和酸度高等特点,其对环境造成的危害不可忽视。传统治理AMD的物理、化学和生物方法已被广泛研究应用,且均有一定的效果。然而,单一的治理方法在应用时存在着效率低或二次污染等问题。在生物方法中,细菌和藻类的应用都被确定为AMD的有效治理方法,然而有关于生物炭与细菌和藻类联用的研究相对较少。本研究首先概述了AMD的形成及危害,最后综述了将生物炭分别与细菌、藻类结合治理AMD的效果。多数研究表明,生物炭发达的孔隙结构和较好的吸附能力为联合微生物应用提供了良好基础。目前,在国内外有关治理AMD的研究中,还未发现将生物炭-细菌-藻类三者联合治理AMD的研究。因此,基于生物炭、细菌和藻类在单独治理AMD时的优异性能,它们三者之间的潜在协同作用值得深入研究。Acid Mine Drainage(AMD)is characterized by high concentration of heavy metals,sulfate,Fe ions and highly acidic conditions,and the harm it causes to the environment should not be ignored.Traditional physical,chemical and biological methods of AMD management have been widely studied and applied,and they have all been proven effective.However,an individual treatment method has problems such as low efficiency or secondary pollution when applied.Among biological approaches,both bacterial and algal applications have been identified as effective treatments for AMD.However,there are relatively few studies on the use of biochar in conjunction with bacteria and algae.The causes and hazards of AMD were summarized firstly,and finally the effectiveness of combining biochar with bacteria and algae to treatment AMD was reviewed,respectively.Most studies showed that the well-developed pore structure and better adsorption capacity of biochar provided a good basis for combined microbial applications.At present,in the domestic and international studies on the management of AMD,no studies have been found on the treatment of AMD by combining biochar-bacteria-algae.Therefore,based on the excellent performance of biochar,bacteria,and algae in treating AMD individually,the potential synergistic effect among the three of them deserves in-depth investigation.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 重金属 生物炭 氧化亚铁硫杆菌 硫酸盐还原菌 微藻 生物固定 

分 类 号：X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52[矿业工程—选矿] TD926.5