喷管结构对航行体喷气入水降载效果的影响  

Impact of Nozzle Structure on Deceleration of Vehicles during Water Entry with Gas Ejection

作　　者：侯杰 冯和英 向敏[2] 彭叶辉 房玲 HOU Jie;FENG Heying;XIANG Min;PENG Yehui;FANG Ling(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Hunan Xiangtan 411201,China;College of Aerospace Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201 [2]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2025年第3期8-17,共10页Equipment Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52475100,12261131502);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30249)。

摘　　要：目的探索跨介质航行体高速入水时头部喷气降载方法的有效性,并优化喷管结构,以减少航行体内外部件破坏的风险。方法为探索降载效果较好的喷管构型,基于VOF(VolumeofFluid)多相流模型和Realizablek-ε湍流模型,研究等直径型、收缩型、扩张型喷管对喷气入水降载效果的影响,通过结合各种管型的优势进行喷管改型和降载优化结构设计,最终获得一种降载效果最好的拉瓦尔喷管结构参数。结果航行体头部喷气降载方法的降载效果随喷管直径的增大而增强,但超过一定尺寸后,继续增加喷管直径并不会增加射流轴向冲击力,降载效果增益不大。收缩和扩张型喷管分别会受到出口流量、喷口激波的限制,导致降载效果均不如等直径型喷管。结合了等直径、收缩、扩张管优势,又能避免其缺陷的拉瓦尔喷管设计,对喷气性能和降载效果的影响较大,其降载率可达71.01%,比同等条件下的等直径喷管提升了4.84%。结论头部喷气入水是一种有效的主动降载方法,而喷管结构对降载效果有显著影响。拉瓦尔喷管设计因其综合优势在降载效果上表现最佳,能够有效提升航行体的安全性和可靠性。The work aims to investigate the efficacy of nose jet deceleration methods for trans-medium vehicles during high-speed water entry and to optimize the nozzle structure to mitigate the risk of damage to internal and external components of the vehicles.To explore nozzle configurations with superior deceleration effects,based onthe Volume of Fluid(VOF)multiphase flow model and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model,the impact of equal diameter,convergent,and divergent nozzles on the deceleration performance during jet water entry was studied.By integrating the advantages of various nozzle types for nozzle modification and optimizing the structural design of deceleration,the optimal Laval nozzle structural parameters with the best load reduction effect were ultimately obtained.The results showed that the deceleration effect of the vehicle's nose jet deceleration method was found to increase with the enlargement of the nozzle diameter.However,beyond a certain size,further increasing the nozzle diameter did not enhance the axial thrust of the jet,yielding diminishing returns in deceleration performance.Convergent and divergent nozzles were constrained by outlet flow rate and nozzle shock waves,respectively,leading to inferior deceleration effects compared with equal-diameter nozzles.The Laval nozzle design,which combined the advantages of equal diameter,convergent,and divergent nozzles while avoiding their drawbacks,significantly influenced the jet performance and deceleration effect,achieving a deceleration rate of 71.01%,which was a 4.84% improvement over the equal diameter nozzle under the same conditions.It is concluded thatnose jet water entry is an effective active deceleration method,and the nozzle structure significantly impacts the deceleration effect.The Laval nozzle design,due to its comprehensive advantages,demonstrates the best deceleration performance and can effectively enhance the safety and reliability of the trans-medium vehicle.

关 键 词：跨介质航行体 高速入水 冲击载荷 头部喷气 多相流 载荷控制 喷管结构 

分 类 号：TJ630[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]