临近空间环境对涡轮发动机的影响及关键技术分析  

Impact of the Near-space Environment on Turbine Engines and Analysis of Key Technologies

作　　者：陈斌 CHEN Bin(AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute,Shenyang 110015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,沈阳110015

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2025年第3期62-68,共7页Equipment Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：目的掌握临近空间环境特征参数对临近空间飞行器用涡轮发动机设计产生的影响与形成的挑战,支撑涡轮发动机关键技术的研究与攻关。方法选取临近空间飞行器中以航空涡轮发动机为动力的高空长航时无人机和高超声速飞机为对象,开展基于飞行器任务特点的涡轮发动机设计需求分析,以及临近空间环境特征参数对涡轮发动机设计的影响分析。结果通过分析,明确了高空长航时无人机和高超声速飞机用涡轮发动机所面临的设计挑战,以及由此所牵引的关键技术。结论临近空间低密度、低压力等环境特征所形成的低雷诺数条件会影响涡轮发动机的部件效率及稳定性,同时也会导致涡轮发动机的功率提取能力和冷却能力下降,对于高超声速飞机,除了低雷诺数条件的影响之外,临近空间环境会导致涡轮发动机面临严峻的气动热及综合热管理等问题。The work aims to grasp the impact and challenges of the characteristic parameters of the near-space environment on the design of turbine engines for near space vehicles,so as to support the research and development of key technologies of turbine engines.High-altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles and hypersonic aircraft powered by aviation turbine engines in near space aircraft were selected as the objects,and the turbine engine design requirement analysis based on the mission characteristics of the vehicle was conducted and the analysis of the impact of near space environment characteristic parameters on turbine engine design was carried out.The design challenges faced by turbine engines for high-altitude long-endurance UAVs and hypersonic aircraft and the key technologies were clarified.The low Reynolds number conditions resulting from the environmental characteristics such as low density and low pressure in the near space will affect the component efficiency and stability of the turbine engines.Meanwhile,it will also cause the decline of the power extraction capacity and cooling capacity of the turbine engines.For hypersonic aircraft,in addition to the impact of low Reynolds number conditions,the proximity to space environment will cause turbine engines to face severe aerothermal and integrated thermal management problems.

关 键 词：临近空间 环境影响 航空动力 长航时无人机 高超飞机 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]