超越“归纳偏见”:案例研究的多元呈现逻辑  

Beyond“Inductive Bias”:The Multiple Presentation Logic of Case Studies

作　　者：甘甜 GAN Tian(School of Government,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学政府管理学院,北京100029

出　　处：《岳麓公共治理》2025年第1期62-78,共17页YUELU PUBLIC GOVERNANCE

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目:综合行政执法改革背景下基层政府条块协同体制机制创新研究(23CZZ032)。

摘　　要：案例研究长期受“归纳偏见”困扰,被简化为理论建构工具,忽视其检验、修正和迁移功能。本文旨在突破这种偏见,探索案例研究中演绎与归纳逻辑的互动关系。通过梳理演绎与归纳逻辑的哲学分野,揭示案例研究多元呈现逻辑的肇因。在深入分析纯演绎式、纯归纳式、演绎-归纳式和归纳-演绎式四类研究的呈现逻辑后,提炼出案例研究呈现逻辑的“学科传统-理论成熟度-研究目标-案例特性”四维决策框架。研究表明:案例研究既可依托演绎逻辑验证理论,亦能通过归纳逻辑建构理论,更可借助混合逻辑实现理论修正与迁移,其逻辑选择受上述四维要素动态制约。突破归纳偏见、拥抱逻辑弹性,是释放案例研究潜力、回应复杂社会问题的关键。本文为跨学科案例研究提供了方法论整合路径,并呼吁学界重视“问题驱动”而非“方法驱动”的研究范式。Case study has long been troubled by“inductive bias”,which is often reduced to a tool for theoretical building while neglecting its functions of theory testing,refinement,and transfer.This paper aims to break free from this bias by exploring the interaction between deductive logic and inductive logic in case studies.By examining the philosophical distinction between these two logics,the paper reveals the origins of multiple presentation logics in case studies.Through a deep analysis of the presentation logics in four types of research:purely deductive,purely inductive,deductive-inductive,and inductive-deductive,this paper distills a four-dimensional decision-making framework while conducting case studies such as“disciplinary tradition,theoretical maturity,research objectives,case characteristics”.The study shows that case study can not only test theories through deductive logic but can also build theories via inductive logic,and even facilitate theory refinement and transfer through mixed logic.The choice of logic is dynamically influenced by the four factors above.Overcoming inductive bias and embracing logical flexibility is the key to unlocking the full potential of case studies and addressing complex social issues.This paper offers a methodological integration path for interdisciplinary case studies and calls for a shift in academic focus from“methoddriven”to“problem-driven”research paradigms.

关 键 词：演绎 归纳 案例研究 理论检验 理论建构 理论修正 理论迁移 

分 类 号：C3[社会学]