黄淮海地区小麦穗期蚜虫的优势种及在麦株上的垂直分布生态位  

Dominant species and vertical distribution niches of aphids on wheat plants during the ear stage in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region, North China

作　　者：高倩 杨秀丽 吴林源 李祥瑞[1] 朱勋 张云慧[1] GAO Qian;YANG Xiu-Li;WU Lin-Yuan;LI Xiang-Rui;ZHU Xun;ZHANG Yun-Hui(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]山西农业大学小麦研究所,临汾041000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2025年第2期163-173,共11页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400400);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】小麦穗期是产量形成的关键时期,也是小麦蚜虫发生和防控的重要时期,明确其在小麦主产区的空间分布与种间竞争关系,为制定小麦蚜虫区域性防控策略、开展精准防控具有重要的指导意义。【方法】2021年4月至2023年6月,在黄淮海麦区选择17个样点,采用5点取样调查麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae、禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi、麦无网长管蚜Metopolophium dirhodum和麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum(分别标注为sp1,sp2,sp3和sp4)的个体数及其在麦株上的垂直分布,并利用生态位理论计算其生态位宽度(Bi)、生态位重叠度(L)、种间竞争系数(α),分析其在不同麦区的优势种、生态位及种间竞争关系。【结果】在黄淮海麦区4种蚜虫优势种的空间分布存在很大的差异。其中,湖北襄阳,江苏南京及河南信阳、驻马店和周口以禾谷缢管蚜为优势种,占蚜虫总量的57.10%以上;在河南洛阳和山西临汾以麦长管蚜为优势种,占比在81.98%以上。在河南濮阳,山东聊城、滨州,河北邯郸、沧州、保定、廊坊和北京延庆,4种蚜虫均有发生,麦长管蚜为优势种,占比在47.17%~67.63%,麦无网长管蚜占比20%左右,麦二叉蚜零星发生,占比在2.19%以下。麦长管蚜主要分布在小麦穗部、旗叶,两者占比在70%以上,禾谷缢管蚜在麦株上分布较为均匀,以穗部相对集中,纬度越低穗部占比越高,麦无网长管蚜主要分布在小麦中上部叶片,麦二叉蚜主要分布在小麦中下部叶片。4种蚜虫以禾谷缢管蚜生态位最宽,平均生态位宽度为0.5003;其次依次为麦长管蚜、麦无网长管蚜和麦二叉蚜,平均生态位宽度分别为0.2677,0.2531和0.2064。4种蚜虫的平均种间生态位重叠度依次为:L_(sp1-2)(2.0324)>L_(sp3-4)(1.9238)>L_(sp2-3)(1.2898)>L_(sp1-3)(1.2889)>L_(sp2-4)(1.2585)>L_(sp1-4)(0.7606);4种小麦蚜虫的种间竞争系数(α)与生态位重叠度具有一致性,平均种间竞争系数依次为:α_(s【Aim】The wheat ear stage is a critical period for yield formation and also the key time for the occurrence and control of wheat aphids.Understanding the spatial distribution and interspecies competition of wheat aphids in major wheat-producing regions is essential for formulating regional control strategies and implementing precise pest management.【Methods】From April 2021 to June 2023,17 sample points were selected in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region,North China.A five-point sampling method was used to investigate the individual number and vertical distribution of Sitobion avenae,Rhopalosiphum padi,Metopolophium dirhodum,and Schizaphis graminum(coded as sp1,sp2,sp3 and sp4,respectively)on wheat plants.Using niche theory,the niche breadth(B i),niche overlap(L),and interspecies competition coeffient(α)were calculated to analyze the dominant species,niches,and interspecies competition across different wheat-growing regions.【Results】The spatial distribution of the four dominant aphid species in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat-growing region varied greatly.In Xiangyang(Hubei),Nanjing(Jiangsu),and Xinyang,Zhumadian and Zhoukou(Henan),R.padi was the dominant species,accounting for more than 57.10%of the total aphid population.In Luoyang(Henan)and Linfen(Shanxi),S.avenae was the predominant species,with a proportion of exceeding 81.98%.In Puyang(Henan),Liaocheng and Binzhou(Shandong),Handan,Cangzhou,Baoding and Langfang(Hebei),and Yanqing(Beijing),all the four aphid species were present,with S.avenae being dominant,accounting for 47.17%-67.63%.Meanwhile,M.dirhodum accounted for approximately 20%of aphids,and S.graminum occurred sporadically,with a proportion of below 2.19%.S.avenae primarily inhabited in the wheat ear and on the flag leaves,where its proportion accounting for over 70%of its distribution.In contrast,R.padi was more evenly distributed across the wheat plants,and relatively concentrated in the ear portion portion,the lower the latitude,the higher the proportion of R.padi in the ear portion.M.dirhodum m

关 键 词：麦蚜 小麦 优势种 生态位 种间竞争 黄淮海地区 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]