心理疲劳对举重运动员运动动机的影响:领悟社会支持的保护效应  

The Protective Effect of Perceived Social Support in the Effect of Psychological Fatigue on Athletic Motivation in Weightlifters:Mediator or Moderator?

作　　者：尚尧 解浩东 杨世勇[2] SHANG Yao;XIE Haodong;YANG Shiyong(Center for Physical Education,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an Shanxi 710049;School of Sports Training,Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu Sichuan 610047;Research Center For Exercise Detoxification,College of Physical Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学体育中心,陕西西安710049 [2]成都体育学院运动训练学院,四川成都610047 [3]西南大学体育学院运动戒毒研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2025年第1期147-153,162,共8页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“中国夏季冬季奥运会冠军群体成长特征研究”(16BTY090);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“发展资源视角下青少年自主锻炼失范行为的遏制理论建构与实证研究”(23YJC89031)。

摘　　要：“疲劳—适应—再疲劳—再适应”,是运动员竞技能力提高必经的适应性过程,在此过程中,教练员需要对运动员心理疲劳的负面影响进行有效控制。以往研究表明,领悟社会支持可能在心理疲劳对运动动机的负面影响中发挥保护效应。文章旨在通过中介和调节效应模型厘清举重运动员领悟社会支持作用于心理疲劳影响运动动机的具体方式。研究发现,心理疲劳能够负向预测举重运动员运动动机;在心理疲劳对举重运动员运动动机的负向影响中,领悟社会支持具有部分中介作用;领悟社会支持在心理疲劳与举重运动员运动动机间不具备调节作用。研究表明,领悟社会支持在心理疲劳影响运动动机中具有保护效应,强调了举重运动员在经历“疲劳—适应—再疲劳—再适应”过程中领悟社会支持的价值,教练员可在这一过程中提升举重运动员领悟社会支持水平,发挥其保护效应,使运动员运动动机得以维持。Fatigue-adaptation-refatigue-adaptation,as an adaptive process that athletes must go through to improve their competitive ability,reminds coaches of the need to focus on controlling the negative effects of psychological fatigue on athletes,and previous research suggests that perceived social support may play a protective role in the negative effects of mental fatigue on motivation.Thus,the present study aimed to clarify the specific ways in which perceived social support acts on psychological fatigue to affect motivation through a mediating and moderating effect model.It was found that psychological fatigue negatively predicted weightlifters'motivation;perceived social support partially mediated the negative effect of psychological fatigue on weightlifters'motivation;and perceived social support did not have a moderating effect between psychological fatigue and weightlifters'motivation.Accordingly,the study confirmed the protective effect of perceived social support in the process of psychological fatigue influencing motivation,emphasized the value of perceived social support in the process of"fatigue-adaptation-refatigue-adaptation",and reminded coaches that they could use it in this process.The study also reminded that coaches can enhance the level of perceived social support in this process and exert its protective effect to maintain weightlifters'motivation.

关 键 词：心理疲劳 运动动机 领悟社会支持 举重运动员 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]