难加工材料钻削刀具磨损特性研究  

Study on Wear Characteristics of Drilling Tools for Difficult-to-machine Materials

作　　者：卞玲玲 李金乐 罗胜 周磊 刘凯 聂超 石运轩 Bian Lingling;Li Jinle;Luo Sheng;Zhou Lei;Liu Kai;Nie Chao;Shi Yunxuan(Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412000,China)

机构地区：[1]株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2025年第5期29-33,51,共6页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFB3708800)。

摘　　要：为揭示难加工材料钻削过程中的磨损变化,从而为刀具的优化设计及实际应用提供参考,以典型难加工材料1Cr18Ni9Ti和GH4169为被加工材料,采用单因素试验法,对4种不同刃口刀具分别采用内冷和外冷方式进行钻削加工,每加工一定距离后采用超景深显微镜对刀具的后刀面、前刀面及柱刃的磨损值进行测量,同时对磨损形貌进行观测。结果表明:随着加工距离的增加,刀具磨损加剧,刀具钻削过程中主要经历剧烈磨损阶段和正常缓慢磨损阶段,在剧烈磨损阶段其主要失效形式为刀具折断和崩刃,在正常磨损阶段其磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损和黏结磨损,在此阶段应根据磨损情况及时更换刀具保证加工质量;对于内冷和外冷加工,主切削刃内凹量较大时其综合磨损值最小;外凸型切削刃排屑阻力大,切削温度高,易发生黏结磨损,不利于外冷加工的工况。In order to reveal the wear changes in the drilling process of difficult-to-machine materials,so as to provide reference for the optimization design and practical application of cutting tools,the typical difficult-to-machine materials 1Cr18Ni9Ti and GH4169 are taken as the processed materials,four kinds of cutting tools with different cutting edges are drilled by internal cooling and external cooling respectively by single factor test method.After a certain distance,the wear values of the back face,front face and column edge of the tool are measured by using the super depth of field microscope,and the wear morphology is observed at the same time.The results show that,with the increase of machining distance,the tool wear intensifies,and the tool drilling process mainly goes through the severe wear stage and the normal slow wear stage.In the severe wear stage,the main failure forms are tool fracture and edge collapse,and in the normal wear stage,the main wear forms are abrasive wear and adhesive wear.At this stage,the tool should be replaced in time according to the wear condition to ensure the processing quality;for internal cooling and external cooling machining,the comprehensive wear value of the main cutting edge is the smallest when the concave amount of the main cutting edge is large;the convex cutting edge has high chip removal resistance,high cutting temperature,and is prone to bonding wear,which is not conducive to the working condition of external cold machining.

关 键 词：1CR18NI9TI GH4169 切削参数 磨损 钻削 单因素试验 

分 类 号：TG722[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具] TG501