水工混凝土冰拔冻融劣化机理及防护技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Deterioration Mechanism and Protection Technology of Ice Pull-out and Freeze-Thaw of Hydraulic Concrete

作　　者：吴燕 张达[1] WU Yan;ZHANG Da(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水力发电》2025年第4期31-38,110,共9页Water Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2040222,51609021);兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2020AB010);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023317/CL);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFD026)。

摘　　要：由于温差大及水环境富集等特殊自然环境,以及混凝土自身为孔隙结构,服役于高寒高海拔地区水利枢纽工程冰拔冻融劣化严重,常出现骨料脱落、开裂及钢筋裸露等现象,严重影响寒区水工混凝土服役耐久性。因此,以极端低温气候环境下水工混凝土冰拔冻融劣化现状出发,探究其劣化原因、机理并总结近几年应用较为成熟的防护技术,如物理防冰技术对于冰拔劣化防护更为显著;化学涂层材料防护技术能够有效防护冰拔冻融劣化,完全阻断过冷水分子入侵混凝土内部结构。根据严寒区混凝土冰拔冻融劣化实际情况,将物理防冰与化学涂层材料防护技术联合应用,将是未来提高寒区水工混凝土冰拔冻融防护技术应用的主要趋势。Due to the special environment such as large temperature difference and water environment enrichment,and coupled with the defects of the pore structure of concrete itself,the ice pull-out and freeze-thaw deterioration of water conservancy project serving in high-cold and high-altitude areas is serious,and the phenomenon of aggregate shedding,cracking and steel bar exposure often occurs,which seriously affects the service durability of hydraulic concrete in cold regions.Therefore,based on the current situation of ice pull-out and freeze-thaw deterioration of hydraulic concrete in extremely low temperature climate environment,this paper explores the causes and mechanism of deterioration of hydraulic concrete and summarizes the more mature protection technologies applied in recent years.Physical anti-icing technology is more significant for ice pull-out deterioration protection.The chemical coating material protection technology can effectively protect ice pull and freeze-thaw deterioration at the same time,and completely block the intrusion of supercooled water molecules into the internal structure of concrete.According to the actual situation of ice pull-out and freeze-thaw deterioration of concrete in severe cold regions,the combined application of physical anti-icing and chemical coating material protection technology will be the main trend to improve the application of ice pull-out and freeze-thaw protection technology of hydraulic concrete in cold regions in the future.

关 键 词：水工混凝土 冰拔冻融劣化 物理防冰技术 化学涂层材料防护技术 

分 类 号：TU57[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]