东北黑土区侵蚀沟要素空间分析及发生风险评估:以巴彦县北部为例  

Feature Spatial Characteristic Analysis and Occurrence Risk Assessment of Erosion Gully in Black Soil Region of Northeastern China:A Case from Northern Bayan County

作　　者：陈卓 李蕴峰 CHEN Zhuo;LI Yun-feng(Harbin Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey,China Geological Survey,Harbin 150000,China;Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center,China Geological Survey,Shenyang 110000,China;Harbin Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone in Black Soil,Ministry of Natural Resources,Harbin 150000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局哈尔滨自然资源综合调查中心,哈尔滨150000 [2]中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心,沈阳110000 [3]自然资源部哈尔滨黑土地地球关键带野外科学观测研究站,哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第9期3945-3958,共14页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心区创基金(QCJJ2022-6)。

摘　　要：为获取巴彦县侵蚀沟分布、分析各要素与侵蚀沟的空间关系、评估侵蚀沟发生风险,为侵蚀沟治理、防治提供信息和方法支持,利用高分辨率卫星多光谱影像、数字高程模型、土壤和降水量等多源数据,获得了侵蚀沟空间分布,构建了地貌、土壤、水文、气象特征信息并与侵蚀沟开展空间分析,同时采用随机森林算法评估了侵蚀沟发生风险。结果显示,研究区内的洼兴镇、德祥乡、兴隆镇可作为侵蚀沟治理的重点区,高差、坡度、坡度因子、坡长因子、汇水线密度、距汇水线距离与侵蚀沟空间关系较为显著,侵蚀沟会对土壤养分产生再分配;坡向、地形曲率、汇水量、降水侵蚀因子、土壤容重、土壤可蚀因子由于自然规律或数据空间分辨率的原因而与侵蚀沟的空间关系不明显。侵蚀沟发生风险区主要位于坡度为1.5°~6°的坡耕地区域,地貌和水文要素与侵蚀沟关系密切,斜坡起垄是相对经济有效的防治措施。In order to obtain the location of erosion gullies in Bayan County,understand the spatial relations between multi-features and erosion gullies,assessing the occurrence risk,and provide information and method reference to erosion gully management and precaution,high-resolution satellite imagery,digital elevation model,soil,and precipitation data were used to acquire erosion gully locations and topographical,soil,hydrological,meteorological features.Subsequently,the spatial relations between erosion gullies and multi-feature were analyzed,and erosion gully occurrence risk was assessed using the random forest method.As results,towns like Waxing,Dexiang,and Xinglong could be paid more attention on the erosion gully management.Elevation relief,slope,slope factor,slope length factor,water flow density,and distance to water flow tend to show more spatial relations with erosion gullies,and erosion gully would participate in the redistribution of soil nutrition.On the other hand,for natural or data spatial resolution reasons,slope aspect,terrain curvature,catchment quantity,rainfall erosivity factor,soil bulk density,and soil erodibility factor show little spatial relations with erosion gullies.Assessment indicates that the erosion gully risks are mainly in arable lands with slopes between 1.5°~6°.Results indicates that topographical and hydrological features are closely related to erosion gullies,and diagonal ridge is an economical and effective measure.

关 键 词：漫川漫岗 黑土区 侵蚀沟 空间分析 风险评估 随机森林 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]