工业渣油加氢装置长周期运转催化剂积炭特征  

CHARACTERIZATION OF DEPOSITED CARBON ON SPENT CATALYST OF LONG-TERM OPERATED RESIDUE HYDROGENATION INDUSTRIAL UNIT

作　　者：浦宁 杨清河 胡大为 聂红 忻睦迪 何文会 曹晓娜 向彦娟 Pu Ning;Yang Qinghe;Hu Dawei;Nie Hong;Xin Mudi;He Wenhui;Cao Xiaona;Xiang Yanjuan(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2025年第4期86-91,共6页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1501204,2024YFCC3907701);北京市科协青年人才托举工程项目(BYESS2024255);中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司院控课题(PR20232509)。

摘　　要：固定床渣油加氢装置中,渣油进料依次通过保护剂、脱金属剂床层,去除机械杂质并脱除大部分的金属元素后进入过渡剂和脱硫剂床层。积炭是过渡剂和脱硫剂失活的重要原因。采集国内某石化企业渣油加氢装置实际长周期运转的卸出剂,采用热重分析与质谱相结合的方法重点考察了过渡剂和脱硫剂的积炭特征,结果表明,沿着物流方向,积炭燃烧失重温度明显升高,随着渣油加氢深度的增加,在催化剂上形成的积炭也逐渐由软炭向硬炭转变。X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明,积炭中C元素包括sp^(2)形态、sp^(3)形态以及C—O或C=O结构。电子探针微区分析结果表明,催化剂上积炭的分布是均匀的。In the process of residue hydrogenation,the feed passes through the bed of protective catalyst and demetal catalyst in turn,intercepting mechanical impurities,removing most of the metal elements,and then enters the bed of transition catalyst and desulfurization catalyst.Carbon deposition is an important cause of inactivation of catalysts.The spent catalyst in long-term operated residue hydrogenation unit was collected,and the carbon deposition characteristics of the catalysts were investigated using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry.It was found that the burning temperature of deposited carbon increased significantly with the logistics direction,indicating that the carbon deposition formed on the catalyst gradually changed from soft carbon to hard carbon with the increase of residue hydrogenation depth along the logistics direction.The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the carbon deposits could be divided into C in the sp^(2)form,sp^(3)form,and C in the C—O or C=O structure.The electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed that the distribution of carbon deposits on the catalyst was uniform.

关 键 词：渣油加氢 催化剂 积炭 热重分析 质谱 XPS 

分 类 号：TE6[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]