基于自适应时频分析的钢轨连续擦伤周期性病害技术研究  

Research on Periodic Disease Identification Technology of Continuous Scratch of Rails Based on Adaptive Time-frequency Analysis

作　　者：邵奇 刘金朝 郭剑峰 陶凯 杨劲松 刘竞远 SHAO Qi;LIU Jinchao;GUO Jianfeng;TAO Kai;YANG Jinsong;LIU Jingyuan(China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co.,LTD,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《工程数学学报》2025年第2期370-378,共9页Chinese Journal of Engineering Mathematics

摘　　要：随着铁路运营速度不断提高和运量不断增加,车轮与钢轨相互作用造成的钢轨擦伤现象也愈加突出,用轴箱加速度能有效刻画轨道短波的不平顺,并且擦伤以固定间隔出现,数据会出现周期性波动,针对钢轨连续擦伤的周期特性,提出了周期性轨道病害自适应时频分析法:首先对轴箱加速度数据进行自适应短时傅里叶变换,得到信号的时频能量谱;利用LP范数准则提取时间能量信号;再利用移动高斯加权平均滤波器和最小二乘平滑滤波器对时间–能量信号进行平滑和去趋势项处理;最后用固定窗口对平滑信号进行截取后分析及阈值判断,确定连续擦伤区段。对算法进行了现场测试实验,结果表明采用自适应时频分析的方法能够有效识别钢轨连续擦伤区段。With the continuous increasing of railway operation speed and traffic volume,the phenomenon of rail scratches caused by the interaction between wheels and rails has become more and more prominent.The acceleration of the axle box can effectively describe the short-wave irregularity of the track,and the scratches appear atfixed intervals.There will be periodicfluctuations.In view of the periodic characteristics of continuous rail scratches,we proposes an adaptive time-frequency analysis method for periodic track diseases.First,the adaptive short-time Fourier transform is performed on the acceleration data of the axle box,and the energy spectrum of time-frequency of the signal is obtained.After extracting the time energy signal using the LP norm criterion,then using the moving Gaussian weighted averagefilter and the least squares smoothingfilter to smooth and detrend the time-energy signal.Finally,using afixed window to smooth the signal perform post-intersection analysis and threshold judgment determine the continuous abrasion section.The algorithm is tested in thefield,and the results show that the method of self-adaptive time-frequency analysis can effectively identify the con-tinuous scratched section of the rail.

关 键 词：自适应时频分析 时频能量谱 LP范数准则 移动高斯加权平均滤波器 最小二乘平滑滤波器 钢轨擦伤 

分 类 号：U213.212[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U211.5