蒙古黄芪全基因组SSR分子标记开发与居群遗传多样性分析  

Development of Genome-Wide SSR Molecular Markers and Analysis of Population Genetic Diversity in Astragalus mongolicus

作　　者：高慧霞 梁云慧 姚妙卓 张鹏飞[2] 刘亚令[1,3] GAO Hui-xia;LIANG Yun-hui;YAO Miao-zhuo;ZHANG Peng-fei;LIU Ya-ling(College of Life Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi Province 030801,China;College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi Province 030801,China;Shanxi Key Lab.for Modernization of TCVM,College of Veterinary Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi Province 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学生命科学学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学动物医学学院中兽医药现代化山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第3期696-706,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32070378);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC136);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(2021-11)资助。

摘　　要：为了解析蒙古黄芪[Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao]的遗传多样性及遗传结构,本研究基于蒙古黄芪全基因组数据进行了SSR分子标记的开发及引物的设计。结果显示全基因组内共检索到1349个SSR位点,从单核苷酸重复至六核苷酸重复共有43种重复类型,其中二、三核苷酸重复最多,分别为6.45%和85.69%。通过对SSR分子标记有效性和多态性的筛选,得到15对引物多态信息含量变化范围为0.076~0.462,具有良好的多态性。利用筛选出的引物对来自7个不同居群共120份蒙古黄芪样本进行遗传多样性的分析,得到Shannon’s信息指数平均值为0.535,Nei’s基因多样性指数平均值为0.422,浑源居群蒙古黄芪的遗传多样性最高,五寨居群蒙古黄芪的遗传多样性最低;居群间分化系数平均值为0.164,与AMOVA结果一致,蒙古黄芪的遗传分化主要发生在居群内;UPGMA聚类分析将不同居群的蒙古黄芪分别聚为一支,具有一定的地域性。通过蒙古黄芪遗传多样性分析结果验证了本研究开发的SSR分子标记可用于核心种质构建、良种选育与不同物种分子鉴定等研究。To elucidate the genetic diversity and structure of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao,this study developed SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat)molecular markers and designed primers leveraging the whole-genome sequence data.The outcomes revealed a total of 1349 SSR loci within the genome,encompassing 43 distinct repeat types spanning from mononucleotide to hexanucleotide,with dinucleotide(6.45%)and trinucleotide(85.69%)repeats being the most prevalent.After rigorous screening for efficacy and polymorphism,15 primer pairs were selected,exhibiting a polymorphism information content range of 0.076 to 0.462,indicating robust polymorphism.These optimized primers were then utilized to analyze the genetic diversity of 120 A.mongholicus samples from seven distinct populations.The average Shannon's diversity index was 0.535,and the average Nei's gene diversity was 0.422.Notably,the Hunyuan population demonstrated the highest genetic diversity,whereas the Wuzhai population exhibited the lowest.The average fixation index among populations was 0.164,concurring with AMOVA results,suggesting that the primary genetic differentiation occurred within populations.UPGMA cluster analysis segregated the A.mongholicus samples from different populations into distinct clusters,reflecting geographical patterns.This study validated the utility of the developed SSR markers for applications such as core germplasm development,elite cultivar breeding,and molecular identification of related species.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 基因组 SSR 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]