新疆北部荒漠藜科一年生牧草散枝猪毛菜的胎萌特性  

Vivipary Characteristics of a Chenopodiaceae Annual Grass Salsola brachiata in the Northern Xinjiang Deserts

作　　者：芦娟娟[1] 刘文雅 谭敦炎[1] LU Juan-juan;LIU Wen-ya;TAN Dun-yan(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environmental Biology,College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urümqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆极端环境生物生态适应与进化重点实验室,新疆农业大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第3期831-838,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160265,32471604);第三次新疆综合科学考察专项(2022xjkk1203);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目-杰出青年科学基金(2021D01E21);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(PT2315)资助。

摘　　要：为了解析荒漠植物胎萌特性及其生态适应意义,本研究以新疆北部荒漠藜科一年生牧草散枝猪毛菜(Salsola brachiata)为研究材料,观测了该物种在不同生境(沙漠、砾漠和盐漠)中2个萌发季(秋季和春季)的胎萌特性。结果表明:散枝猪毛菜在不同生境中均存在春季胎萌,但并未见秋季的胎萌。春季胎萌的条件是春季融雪时母株上具宿存果实且这些宿存果实可被积雪覆盖;在观测样点中,春季胎萌时间持续约为一个月,胎萌百分率达46.6%。本研究证实了散枝猪毛菜的胎萌特性依赖于荒漠春季融雪时短暂的高湿环境,是该物种为适应新疆北部荒漠不可预测降水条件形成的一种特殊萌发行为。To understand the desert viviparous species and their ecological adaptive significance,Salsola bra⁃chiata(Chenopodiaceae),an important desert annual grass with vivipary in the deserts of northern Xinjiang,was used as the study material.In the field,different habitat types(i.e.sandy desert,gravel desert and salt desert)of this species were selected for the investigation of vivipary at the two germination seasons(autumn and spring).Also,the viviparous phenology in spring was further observed.Our results indicated that vivipary only occurred at the time of snowmelt in spring 2022 in all habitat types,but not in autumn 2021.Moreover,spring vivipary found in the habitat sites with snow cover and the mother plants with the fruits remained.The final vivipary percentage was 46.6%in the observation site,and the period of spring vivipary was about one month.Our study confirmed that the vivipary of the annual Chenopodiaceae species S.brachiata was induced by high humidity during the spring snowmelt,which is an adaptive strategy of the germination mechanism to unpredictable precipitation conditions in the northern Xinjiang desert.

关 键 词：荒漠植物 藜科 散枝猪毛菜 胎萌 种子扩散 

分 类 号：S548[农业科学—作物学]