青海天然草地植物锈病种类及地理分布研究  

Species and Geographical Distribution of Plant Rust in Natural Grassland of Qinghai Province

作　　者：郑开福 严虎 祁鹤兴 李晶晶 王海春 刘凯 唐炳民 芦光新[1] ZHENG Kai-fu;YAN Hu;QI He-xing;LI Jing-jing;WANG Hai-chun;LIU Kai;TANG Bing-min;LU Guang-xin(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;Qinghai Forestry Engineering Supervision Center Co.,Ltd,Xining,Qinghai Province 810000,China;Head Station of Grassland of Qinghai Province,Xining,Qinghai Province 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省林业工程监理中心有限公司,青海西宁810000 [3]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第3期839-849,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目“根际合成菌群促进柴达木盆地盐碱地植被恢复的过程、机制和方法研究”(U23A2043);青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划“禾/豆混播的微生物及菌肥研发”项目(2022-SF-147);2022年中央财政林业和草原生态保护恢复资金项目“青海省牧草病害种类及分布调查”资助。

摘　　要：为明确青海天然草地植物锈病种类和地理分布特征,采用路线调查法按照区域尺度布设样点进行发病植物标本的采集和病原菌的分离,根据孢子形态特征和核糖体转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列对病原菌进行鉴定,并对其地理分布特征进行分析。结果表明:10个县域25种植物上有锈病发生,祁连县发病植物种类最多,翻白委陵菜(Potentilla sibbaldia)锈病分布最广;锈菌形态学鉴定为柄锈菌属(Puccinia)、多胞锈菌属(Phragmidium)和单胞锈菌属(Uromyces)3个属;委陵菜多胞锈菌(Phragmidium potentillae)在调查县域中发生频次最高,Puccinia atra发生频次最低,苍耳柄锈(Puccinia arenariae)、委陵菜多胞锈菌(Phragmidium potentillae)生态位宽度较大,适于在大多数生境中生存,Puccinia atra生态位宽度最小,属于狭适性物种。In order to elucidate the plant rust disease types and geographical distribution characteristics in Qing⁃hai natural grassland,a route investigation method was employed to collect pathogenic plant specimens and to isolate the pathogens at regional sampling points.The pathogens were identified based on spore morphological characteristics and the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS),and their geographical distribution characteristics were subsequently analysed.The results demonstrated the presence of 25 distinct rust types across 10 counties,with Qilian County exhibiting the highest incidence among plant species,and Potentilla sib⁃baldia being the most widely distributed.Morphological identification classified the rust fungi as Puccinia,Phragmidium,and Uromyces.The highest frequency was observed for Phragmidium potentillae,while the lowest frequency was noted for Puccinia atra in the surveyed counties.Puccinia arenariae and Phragmidium potentillae exhibited the broadest niche width,indicating suitability for survival in most habitats,whereas Puc⁃cinia atra exhibited the narrowest niche width,indicating a preference for specific habitats.

关 键 词：青海 天然草地 锈病 地理分布 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]