我国死者人格标识商业化利益保护路径探析  

Exploration on the Protection Path of Commercial Interests in the Personality Identifiers of Deceased Persons in China

作　　者：王雨凡 WANG Yu-fan

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学知识产权学院

出　　处：《河北法律职业教育》2025年第3期93-98,共6页HEBEI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF LAW

摘　　要：当今社会,个人的人格标识被频繁投入市场作商业化利用,其蕴含的财产价值也越发凸显。我国《民法典》中虽已创设人格利益许可使用制度,却仍未解决有关于死者人格标识上是否存在一项商品化权,以及如何保护的问题。对此,我国法律应依据自然人生前与死后的不同情况作区分保护,自然人存活时,效法德国的一元保护机制,依据《民法典》人格权编将人格权的精神和财产利益均置于“一般人格权”项下进行保护;死亡后则参照美国的二元保护机制,于《反不正当竞争法》中引入一项专用于控制人格标识商业化使用的“死者公开权”进行保护。该权利应归属于死者继承人并由死者近亲属监督其权利的行使与保护,并与我国现行法律制度进行衔接。In today’s society,individuals’personality identifiers are frequently commercialized in the mar-ket,and their inherent property value has become increasingly prominent.Although China’s Civil Code has es-tablished a system for licensing the use of personality interests,it has not yet resolved the issues of whether there exists a right of commercialization in the personality identifiers of deceased persons and how to protect such inter-ests.In this regard,Chinese law should differentiate protection based on the distinct circumstances before and after the death of a natural person.While the natural person is alive,the unitary protection mechanism of Germany should be emulated,with both the spiritual and property interests of personality rights protected under the“general personality rights”section of the Civil Code.After death,reference should be made to the dual protection mecha-nism of the United States by introducing a“publicity right of the deceased”specifically designed to control the com-mercial use of personality identifiers in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law for protection.This right should vest in the heirs of the deceased and be supervised in its exercise and protection by the close relatives of the deceased,while also being integrated with China’s current legal system.

关 键 词：死者人格标识 商业化利用 财产利益 人格权 公开权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]