人工智能技术创新对企业新质生产力的赋能效应研究  

Research on the Empowering Effect of Artificial Intelligence Technology Innovation on the New Quality Productivity of Enterprises

作　　者：吴沁沁 周代数 Wu Qinqin;Zhou Daishu

机构地区：[1]江苏大学财经学院、产业经济研究院,江苏镇江212013 [2]中国科学技术发展战略研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《新疆社会科学》2025年第1期43-57,187,共16页Social Sciences in Xinjiang

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“生成式人工智能驱动的企业技术创新:影响机理、双重效应与政策协同”(72404107);国家语言文字工作委员会“十四五”科研规划项目“Chat GPT背景下网络语言文字清洗与治理的关键技术布局研究”(WT145-34);江苏省社科基金青年项目“‘国民共进’导向下江苏民营企业高质量发展路径研究”(24ZHC016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人工智能技术是新质生产力培育和发展的重要引擎。文章从微观层面构建企业新质生产力指标体系,基于2010—2022年中国上市公司数据,采用双向固定效应模型,深入探讨人工智能技术创新对企业新质生产力的赋能效应与作用机制。研究发现:企业新质生产力水平呈上升趋势,在结构上存在新质劳动者占比高,而优化组合效率低下的问题。人工智能技术创新显著促进了企业新质生产力提升,以发明专利为代表的实质性创新赋能为主。其中,非国企、高技术行业、低污染行业和东西部地区的企业新质生产力受人工智能影响程度更高。机制检验结果表明,人工智能技术融合了新工具、新创企业、新资本、新市场、新基建、新能源等内外部创新因素,协同赋能新质生产力提升;其赋能渠道主要包含劳动力结构调整、缓解融资约束、优化国内外营收布局等,但人工智能对非技术人员占比、劳动生产率、人均收入和国外营收占比呈现负面影响。因此,提出建议:要大力提升资源优化组合效率,因地制宜发展人工智能驱动的新质生产力,加快形成与之相适应的新型生产关系,在统筹发展与安全的前提下,优化国内国际“双循环”新格局,引导企业有序“走出去”开拓新市场,培育更多新动能新优势。Artificial intelligence technology is an important engine for the cultivation and development of new quality productivity.The article constructs the index system of new productivity of enterprises from the micro level,based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2022,and adopts the two-way fixed effect model to explore the enabling effect and mechanism of AI technological innovation on the new productivity of enterprises.The study finds that the level of new quality productivity of enterprises shows an upward trend,and structurally there is a high proportion of new quality workers and low efficiency of optimized combination.Artificial intelligence technology innovation significantly promotes enterprise new quality productivity enhancement,with substantial innovation empowerment represented by invention patents as the main one.Among them,the new quality productivity of enterprises in non-SOEs,high-tech industries,low-pollution industries,and eastern and western regions are more affected by AI.The results of the mechanism test show that AI technology integrates internal and external innovation factors such as new tools,new start-ups,new capital,new markets,new infrastructure,new energy and so on,and synergistically empowers new quality productivity enhancement;its empowerment channels mainly include labor structure adjustment,easing financing constraints,and optimizing the layout of domestic and foreign revenues,etc.,but AI shows negative impacts on the proportion of non-technical personnel,labor productivity,per capita income and the proportion of foreign revenues,presents a negative impact.Therefore,it is suggested that we should vigorously improve the efficiency of resource optimization and combination,develop new productivity driven by AI according to local conditions,accelerate the formation of new production relations in line with AI,optimize the new domestic and international "double-cycle" pattern under the premise of integrating development and security,guide enterprises to go out to develop

关 键 词：人工智能 技术创新 新质生产力 赋能效应 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学] F49