有听力损失风险的社区中老年人生活方式及认知功能亚群分类研究  

Cluster analysis for lifestyle and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people at risk of hearing loss

作　　者：何雨璇 邓梦惠 刘佳 魏利 陈晓梅 赵兴颖 李洁 杨燕妮 He Yuxuan;Deng Menghui;Liu Jia;Wei Li;Chen Xiaomei;Zhao Xingying;Li Jie;Yang Yanni(Fundamental Nursing Stuff Room,School of Nursing,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学护理系基础护理学教研室,重庆400038 [2]成都市温江区人民医院护理部 [3]重庆市沙坪坝区童家桥社区卫生服务中心

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2025年第6期15-20,共6页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK039)。

摘　　要：目的 了解有听力损失风险的社区中老年人的生活方式、认知功能类别,并分析各类别特点及差异,为制订针对性的干预方案提供参考。方法 2024年1-7月采用降低痴呆风险的生活方式量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、客观听力测试、认知储备指数问卷对重庆市2个社区的200名有听力损失风险的社区中老年人进行调查。采用二阶聚类分析,根据其听力、认知功能和生活方式得分进行分类,并进行不同类型的单因素分析。结果 有听力损失风险的社区中老年人的生活方式可分为3类:听力风险-高认知-行为不良型(23.0%)、听力损失-高认知-行为良好型(49.5%)和听力损失-低认知-行为不良型(27.5%);3个类型在年龄、性别、受教育年限、居住状况、婚姻状况、个人月收入、听力就医状况及认知储备得分间存在统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 有听力损失风险的社区中老年人的生活方式及认知功能存在异质性,医护人员可针对性制订干预策略,以减缓听力和认知衰退。Objective To identify the subgroups of lifestyle and cognitive function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults at risk of hearing loss,to analyze the characteristics and differences among these subgroups,and to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention strategies.Methods From January to July 2024,a survey was conducted among 200 middle-aged and older adults at risk of hearing loss in two communities in Chongqing.The instruments included the Dementia Risk Reduction Lifestyle Scale,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale,objective hearing test,and the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire.Two-step cluster analysis was utilized to identify the subgroups based on hearing,cognitive function,and lifestyle,then univariate analysis was also performed to determine the differences among the subgroups.Results Three subgroups were identified:hearing loss risk-high cognitive function-poor behavior(23.0%),hearing loss-high cognitive function-good behavior(49.5%),and hearing loss-low cognitive function-poor behavior(27.5%).Significant differences were found among the three subgroups in terms of age,gender,years of education,living conditions,marital status,monthly personal income,hearing-related medical treatment,and cognitive reserve scores(all P<0.05).Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the lifestyle and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults at risk for hearing loss.Healthcare professionals should formulate targeted intervention strategies to slow hearing loss and cognitive decline.

关 键 词：社区 中老年人 听力损失 听力健康 认知功能 生活方式 认知储备指数 聚类分析 

分 类 号：R473.76[医药卫生—护理学]