磷灰石裂变径迹年代学在矿床研究中的应用  

Application of apatite fission track thermochronology to mineral deposits:A review

作　　者：纪璇 刘英超[1] 岳龙龙 马旺[2] JI Xuan;LIU Yingchao;YUE Longlong;MA Wang(State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]深地探测与矿产勘查全国重点实验室,中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质学报》2025年第3期1027-1045,共19页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：地质调查项目(编号DD20243512,DD20230008);国家重点研发计划(编号2022YFF0800903);国家自然科学基金项目(编号92162322,42261144669,42302107,41922022,42003036);国家博士后科研流动站项目(编号GZC20232489);第二次青藏高原科学考察与研究项目(编号2021QZKK0304);云南省兴滇英才青年项目(编号XDYCQNRC-2022-0136);国际地学对比计划项目(编号IGCP-662)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：磷灰石裂变径迹年代学是一种基于磷灰石^(238)U自发裂变产生辐射损伤效应的低温热年代学方法。磷灰石封闭温度低且对温度变化敏感,可以记录热事件时代、持续时间、分布特征以及活动速率等重要信息。传统外探测器法(EDM)采用热中子辐照诱发磷灰石^(235)U裂变产生裂变径迹,进而通过校正计算获得裂变径迹的年龄,激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)法可直接分析获得^(238)U的含量,方便快捷,电子探针(EPMA)法、原子力显微镜(AFM)作为辅助手段可以实现更加精确的裂变径迹数量统计。目前,实验方法、退火动力学模型、数据解译等方面在精确度、全面性以及如何更好地结合地质事实等方面还存在不足,需要继续完善。尽管如此,磷灰石裂变径迹年代学结果和热演化模拟在厘定热液矿床的成矿时代、划分成矿期次、约束热液矿化持续时间、定量矿床的隆升-剥蚀量等多个方面均发挥了巨大的作用,在厘定矿床的保存变化规律、预测隐伏矿床及矿体等方面拥有更为广阔的发展前景和应用空间。Apatite fission track chronology is a low-temperature thermochronological method based on the radiation damage effectscaused by the spontaneous fission of^(238)U in apatite.Due to its low closure temperature and high sensitivity to temperature changes,apatite can record important information such as the timing,duration,distribution characteristics,and activity rates of thermal events.The traditional external detector method(EDM)uses thermal neutron irradiation to generate induced fission tracks from^(235)U in apatite,followed by correction calculations to determine the fission track age.More recently,laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)has emerged as a faster and more convenient method for directly analyzing the^(238)U content in apatite.Auxiliary techniques such as electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)and atomic force microscope(AFM)can enhance the accuracy of fission track statistics.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of experimental methods,annealing dynamic models,and data interpretation.The integration of these analytical tools with geological evidence needs to be continuously upgraded.Nevertheless,apatite fission track chronology and thermal evolution simulation have played a great role in determining the metallogenic age of hydrothermal deposits,dividing metallogenic stages,restricting the duration of hydrothermal mineralization,and quantifying the uplift and exhumation amounts of ore deposits.It has a broader development prospect and application space in determining the preservation and change law of deposits,predicting concealed deposit and ore bodies,and so on.

关 键 词：低温热年代学 裂变径迹年代学 磷灰石 矿床学 应用 

分 类 号：P61[天文地球—矿床学]