不同修剪方式对澳洲坚果产量及果实性状的影响  

Effects of Different Pruning Pattern on the Yield and Fruit Characteristic of Macadamia

作　　者：许鹏 黄锡云 谭秋锦 王文林 周春衡 XU Peng;HUANG Xi-yun;TAN Qiu-jin(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Longzhou,Guangxi 532415)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第6期41-43,47,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西技术创新引导专项(桂科AC23026001);崇左市科技计划项目(崇科20231221);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(桂农科2021YT156)。

摘　　要：[目的]明确不同修剪方式对澳洲坚果产量及果实性状的影响,以期为今后澳洲坚果的高效栽培管理提供参考依据。[方法]以当地主栽的澳洲坚果品种“桂热1号”为试验材料,进行不同修剪方式的品比试验,测量澳洲坚果的坐果数、落果率、产量、单果重、果形指数、出种率、出仁率等指标,综合评价各修剪方式对澳洲坚果的影响。[结果]T_(3)(修剪1/3)、T_(4)(修剪1/4)的坐果数和产量均大于CK(不修剪),落果率均小于CK,T_(1)(修剪3/4)和T_(2)(修剪2/4)反之。在果实性状方面,CK、T_(2)、T_(3)分别在单果重、出种率和出仁率上表现最佳,各处理澳洲坚果果形指数无显著差异。不同修剪方式对澳洲坚果产量及果实性状的综合影响表现为T_(3)>T_(4)>CK>T_(2)>T_(1)。[结论]修剪方式对澳洲坚果的产量及果实性状影响较大,修剪1/3更适合于澳洲坚果的整形修剪。[Objective]To clarify the impact of different pruning patterns on the yield and fruit traits of Macadamia,and provide reference basis for efficient cultivation and management of Macadamia in the future.[Method]Using the locally grown Macadamia variety‘Guire No.1’as the experimental material to conduct a variety comparison experiment with different pruning patterns.The number of fruit sets,fruit drop rate,yield,single fruit weight,shape index,seed percentage,kernel percentage and other indicators of Macadamia were measured,and the impact of various pruning patterns on Macadamia was comprehensively evaluated.[Result]The number of fruit sets and yield of T_(3)(trimmed by 1/3)and T_(4)(trimmed by 1/4)were both higher than those of CK(not trimmed),and the fruit drop rate was lower than that of CK,while T_(1)(trimmed by 3/4)and T_(2)(trimmed by 2/4)were the opposite.In terms of fruit characteristics,CK,T_(2),and T_(3)performed the best in single fruit weight,seed percentage and kernel percentage,respectively.There was no significant difference in the fruit shape index of Macadamia among the treatments.The comprehensive impact of different pruning patterns on the yield and fruit characteristics of Macadamia was as follows:T_(3)>T_(4)>CK>T_(2)>T_(1).[Conclusion]Pruning patterns have a significant impact on the yield and fruit characteristics of Macadamia,and trimming 1/3 is more suitable for shaping and pruning Macadamia.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 修剪方式 保果 果实性状 综合评价 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学] S605.1[农业科学—园艺学]