不同轮作模式对高寒黑土区土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响  

Effects of Different Crop Rotation Patterns on Soil Nutrients and Potato Yield in Alpine Black Soil Areas

作　　者：王籽懿 韩伟 齐贝 黄修梅[1] 杨忠仁[1] 李濛池 赵玉平 王洪军 WANG Zi-yi;HAN Wei;QI Bei(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019;Snowvalley Agricultural Group Limited Liability Company,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]雪川农业集团股份有限公司,河北张家口075000 [3]乌兰察布市种业工作站,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [4]牙克石市乡村振兴促进中心,内蒙古牙克石022150

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第6期149-153,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0010);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR221048);河北省科技计划结转项目(21326320D)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同轮作模式对高寒黑土区土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响。[方法]设置6个种植模式进行田间定位试验,分别为2年轮作的马铃薯-小麦-甜菜-马铃薯(St-Ta-Bv-St)和马铃薯-水飞蓟-小麦-马铃薯(St-Sm-Ta-St);3年轮作的小麦-甜菜-小麦-马铃薯(Ta-Bv-Ta-St),油菜-小麦-甜菜-马铃薯(Bn-Ta-Bv-St)和小麦-油菜-大麦-马铃薯(Ta-Bn-Hv-St);马铃薯2年连作的油菜-小麦-马铃薯-马铃薯(CK)。[结果]与CK相比,不同轮作模式对0~20 cm土层有机质、总氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均有促进作用,Ta-Bv-Ta-St土壤有机质、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量较CK显著提高82.22%、123.89%、140.08%和20.06%;Bn-Ta-Bv-St土壤全氮和碱解氮含量较CK显著提高72.78%和37.95%。不同轮作模式均提高了马铃薯产量,其中Ta-Bv-Ta-St产量最高(58.02 t/hm^(2))。不同轮作处理马铃薯商品薯率均极显著高于CK,其中,Ta-Bn-Hv-St商品薯率最高,为88.76%。马铃薯产量与土壤有机质和全钾呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与速效钾呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。[结论]Ta-Bv-Ta-St、St-Sm-Ta-St与Ta-Bn-Hv-St轮作模式较其他处理更能改善土壤环境,提高马铃薯产量,适宜在高寒黑土区推广,其中Ta-Bv-Ta-St对提高马铃薯高产高效栽培技术效果最为显著。[Objective]To study the effects of different crop rotation patterns on soil nutrients and potato yield in the alpine black soil area.[Method]6 treatments were set as potato-wheat-beet-potato(St-Ta-Bv-St),potato-water thistle-wheat-potato(St-Sm-Ta-St);wheat-beet-wheat-potato(Ta-Bv-Ta-St),oilseed rape-wheat-beet-potato(Bn-Ta-Bv-St),wheat-oilseed rape-barley-potato(Ta-Bn-Hv-St);oilseed rape-wheat-potato-potato(CK).[Result]Compared with CK,different crop rotation patterns promoted the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline dissolved nitrogen,quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting phosphorus in the 0-20 cm soil layer.The Ta-Bv-Ta-St treatment had a significant promotion of soil nutrients,and the content of soil organic matter,total potassium and quick-acting nutrients was significantly increased compared with CK by 82.22%,123.89%,140.08%and 20.06%;Bn-Ta-Bv-St treatment was the second highest,soil total nitrogen and alkaline dissolved nitrogen content significantly increased by 72.78%and 37.95%compared with CK.Different crop rotation patterns significantly improved potato yields compared with CK,and Ta-Bv-Ta-St treatment had the highest yield of 58.02 t/hm^(2).There were highly significant differences in the commercial potato yields of different crop rotation patterns,with Ta-Bn-Hv-St treatment having the highest commercial potato yield of 88.76%.Potato yield was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter and total potassium(P<0.05),and highly significant and positively correlated with quick-acting potassium(P<0.01).[Conclusion]Ta-Bv-Ta-St,St-Sm-Ta-St and Ta-Bn-Hv-St crop rotation patterns are more capable of improving the soil environment and potato yield than other treatments,and are suitable for popularisation in the alpine black soil area,among which Ta-Bv-Ta-St was more effective in improving the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology of potato.

关 键 词：高寒黑土区 轮作 土壤养分 马铃薯产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]