新疆双峰驼乳房炎3种主要致病菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析  

Isolation,identification and biological analysis of three main pathogenic bacteria from milk samples of Bactrian camels in Xinjiang

作　　者：张秋玉 裴文刚 王俊皓 冯雅茹 张格 冉多良[1,2] 李斌 ZHANG Qiuyu;PEI Wengang;WANG Junhao;FENG Yaru;ZHANG Ge;RAN Duoliang;LI Bin(College of Animal Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆草食动物新药研究与创制重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2025年第4期113-120,共8页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年基金项目(2023D01B33);阿勒泰地区科技计划项目“骆驼常见病防治及外来病检测技术示范”。

摘　　要：为调查造成阿勒泰部分地区双峰驼乳房炎的3种主要致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌)及其毒力基因、耐药情况,本研究通过临床检查及加州乳房炎检测(CMT)法调查阿勒泰地区双峰驼乳房炎的流行情况,采集388份乳样进行致病菌的分离鉴定,通过PCR及药敏检测其毒力及耐药情况。调查结果显示,双峰驼乳房炎总感染率为15.98%,其中散养驼临床型和隐型乳房炎平均感染率分别为4.40%、21.30%,集约化养殖场分别为20.00%、17.19%。从25份病乳中共分离鉴定出154株菌,其中粪肠球菌33株,占21.43%;大肠杆菌11株,占7.14%;金黄色葡萄球菌4株,占2.60%。毒力基因检测结果显示,随机选择的4株大肠杆菌分离株中检测出irp2(75%)、fyuA(75%)2种毒力因子;4株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中检出clfa(100%)、sea(75%)、fnbB(75%)、hla(50%)、hlb(50%)5种毒力因子;随机选择的12株粪肠球菌中检出gelE(83.30%)、ace(83.30%)、efaA(75%)、agg(50%)、esp(25%)5种毒力因子。药敏结果显示,大肠杆菌分离株对阿米卡星耐药率高达100%,对哌啦西啉与氨苄西林耐药率为75%,对头孢唑啉、头孢噻吩、头孢呋辛、头孢哌酮、氧氟沙星、卡那霉素的耐药率为50%,对链霉素、妥布霉素和庆大霉素的耐药率为25%。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对青霉素G耐药率100%,对克林霉素耐药率为50%,对苯唑西林、红霉素、万古霉素、氯霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和左氟沙星的耐药率为25%,对米诺环素和呋喃妥因全部敏感。粪肠球菌分离株对青霉素和呋喃妥因较为敏感,而对万古霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感的菌株占比均低于41.70%,对氯霉素与四环素的耐药菌株占33.30%,诺氟沙星和左氟沙星的耐药菌株均占25%,耐万古霉素和环丙沙星的菌株均占16.70%。本研究结果可为双峰驼养殖企业提供帮助,助力双峰驼养殖业发展。The prevalence of Bactrian camel mastitis in Xinjiangs Altay Prefecture was examined using clinical examination and the Califor⁃nia Mastitis Test(CMT).Following this,388 milk samples were collected from the diseased camels for isolation and identification of three pathogenic bacteria(Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Enterococcus faecalis).The virulence genes and drug resistance of the bacteria were detected by PCR and drug sensitivity.The results showed that the average infection rates of clinical and latent mastitis in the free-range camels were 4.40%and 21.30%,respectively,while the infection rates in the intensive farms were 20%and 17.19%,respec⁃tively.The 154 bacterial strains isolated and identified from 25 diseased milk samples included 33 strains of E.faecalis(21.43%),11 strains of E.coli(7.14%),and 4 strains of S.aureus(2.60%).Then some strains were tested for virulence genes and drug sensitivity.The results of the virulence genes showed that 4 isolates of E.coli had 75%of irp2 and fyuA,and 4 isolates of S.aureus had clfa(100%),sea(75%),fnbB(75%),hla(50%)and hlb(50%).Twelve strains of E.faecalis were found to harbor five virulence factors,including gelE(83.30%),ace(83.30%),efaA(75%),agg(50%),and esp(25%).The drug sensitivity test showed that the E.coli isolates had the most resistant rate to amikacin,as high as 100%;75%of the isolates has resistance to piperacillin and ampicillin,50%to cefazolin,ce⁃furoxime,cefoperazone,ofloxacin,and kanamycin,and 25%to streptomycin,tobramycin,and penicillin.The S.aureus isolates showed 100%resistance to penicillin G,50%resistance to clindamycin,25%resistance to oxacillin,erythromycin,vancomycin,chloramphenicol,tetracycline,norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and levofloxacin,and 100%sensitivity to minocycline and nitrofurantoin.Twelve E.faecalis strains were more sensitive to levofloxacin and penicillin,while the proportion of strains sensitive to vancomycin,tetracycline,norfloxacin,and cip⁃rofloxacin was less than 41.70%;33.30%of strains were resistant to ciprof

关 键 词：双峰驼 乳房炎 细菌耐药 毒力基因 粪肠球菌 

分 类 号：S585.24[农业科学—作物学]