血管化脑类器官的技术进展与应用前景  

The Technological Advances and Prospects of Vascularized Brain Organoids

作　　者：薛炅昊 李志鹏 赵元立 XUE Jionghao;LI Zhipeng;ZHAO Yuanli(Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100070,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科,北京100070 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医院神经外科,北京100730

出　　处：《协和医学杂志》2025年第2期277-284,共8页Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

基　　金：中央高水平医院临床科研专项(2023-PUMCH-E-011)。

摘　　要：脑血管病具有高发病率、高致残率和高死亡率的特点,已成为全球范围内导致死亡和长期残疾的主要原因之一。类器官技术作为一种基于干细胞或组织细胞体外培养的微型器官模型,能够模拟器官的发育、生理和病理过程,在脑血管疾病研究与治疗方面展现出广阔前景。本文阐述了类器官技术在脑血管疾病领域的最新应用进展,重点探讨了血管化脑类器官的构建策略,包括体内移植、体外培养及生物工程技术。研究发现,这些模型不仅能够还原神经血管单元的相互作用,还在药物筛选和疾病机制探究方面发挥重要作用,为脑血管疾病的治疗提供了新策略。与此同时,类器官技术亦面临诸如血管化效率不足、与宿主组织整合能力有限等挑战。未来,结合基因编辑、微流控芯片和高通量3D打印等技术,有望进一步提升血管化脑类器官的功能性与临床可用性,为个性化治疗及精准医疗提供新方向。Cerebrovascular diseases,characterized by high incidence,disability,and mortality rates,have emerged as a leading global cause of death and long⁃term disability.Organoid technology,a three⁃dimen⁃sional in vitro culture system derived from stem cells or tissue cells,enables the simulation of organ develop⁃ment,physiological processes,and pathological mechanisms,demonstrating significant potential in cerebro⁃vascular disease research and therapeutic development.This review summarizes recent advances in organoid ap⁃plications for cerebrovascular diseases,with a focus on strategies for constructing vascularized cerebral or⁃ganoids,including in vivo transplantation,in vitro culture systems,and bioengineering approaches.Studies reveal that these models not only recapitulate neurovascular unit interactions but also serve as powerful platforms for drug screening and mechanistic investigations,offering novel therapeutic strategies for cerebrovascular disor⁃ders.Current challenges include insufficient vascularization efficiency and limited integration capacity with host tissues.Future integration of gene editing,microfluidic chips,and high⁃throughput 3D bioprinting technologies is expected to enhance the functionality and clinical translatability of vascularized cerebral organoids,thereby advancing personalized medicine and precision healthcare.

关 键 词：类器官 脑血管疾病 血管化 精准医疗 

分 类 号：R651.1[医药卫生—外科学] R743[医药卫生—临床医学]