孕产期因素及养育环境对婴幼儿贫血的影响  

Influence of pregnancy and nurture environment on anemia in infants

作　　者：陈笑征 李一辰[1] Chen Xiaozheng;Li Yichen(Department of Child Health Care,Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院北京妇幼保健院儿童保健科,100026

出　　处：《北京医学》2025年第1期64-68,共5页Beijing Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的了解婴幼儿贫血现状及孕产期因素、养育环境对婴幼儿贫血的影响。方法选取2022年8月至2023年7月全国儿童营养与健康监测系统中进行儿童健康管理的北京市6~<24月龄婴幼儿,收集儿童健康管理相关数据,包括儿童身长、体质量、Hb,母亲孕产期信息及儿童家庭养育环境等,采用多因素非条件logistic回归方程分析婴幼儿贫血的影响因素。结果共纳入1667例婴幼儿,其中男800例、女867例;平均(11.9±1.7)月龄。6~<24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率为7.86%,其中6~<12月龄婴儿贫血患病率最高(10.66%)、18~<24月龄幼儿贫血患病率最低(2.42%)。多因素回归分析结果显示,母亲妊娠期贫血(孕晚期末次Hb<110 g/L)(OR=1.726,95%CI:1.213~2.241,P=0.002)、早产(OR=1.652,95%CI:1.245~2.001,P=0.003)、出生体质量<2500 g(OR=1.980,95%CI:1.426~2.469,P<0.001)、婴幼儿日常照顾者文化程度中专及以下(OR=1.387,95%CI:1.123~1.891,P=0.013)、婴幼儿超重肥胖(OR=1.524,95%CI:1.168~1.972,P=0.007)和6月龄内非纯母乳喂养(OR=1.214,95%CI:1.097~1.903,P=0.017)的婴幼儿的贫血风险较高。结论母亲妊娠期贫血(孕晚期末次Hb<110 g/L)、早产、低出生体质量是婴幼儿贫血的危险因素,纯母乳喂养对预防0~6月龄的婴幼儿贫血有积极作用。Objective To understand the status of anemia in infants and the influence of pregnancy and nurture environment on anemia in infants.Methods Infants aged 6~<24 months in Beijing who were managed by the National Child Nutrition and Health Surveillance System from August 2022 to July 2023 were selected,and the relevant data including children's height,weight,Hb,maternal information during pregnancy and children's family rearing environment were collected,multivariate unconditional logistic regression equation were used to analyze the influencing factors of anemia in infants.Results A total of 1667 infants were enrolled,including 800 males and 867 females,with an average age of(11.9±1.7)months.The prevalence of anemia in infants aged 6~<24 months was 7.86%,among which the prevalence of anemia in infants aged 6~<12 months was the highest(10.66%),and infants aged 18~<24 months was the lowest(2.42%).Multivariate regression analysis results showed that infants with maternal anemia during pregnancy(the last Hb less than 110 g/L in the third trimester)(OR=1.726,95%CI:1.213-2.241,P=0.002)、premature delivery(OR=1.652,95%CI:1.245-2.001,P=0.003)、birth weight less than 2500 g(OR=1.980,95%CI:1.426-2.469,P<0.001)、daily caregivers of infants whose educational level was technical secondary school or below(OR=1.387,95%CI:1.123-1.891,P=0.013),overweight or obesity of infants(OR=1.524,95%CI:1.168-1.972,P=0.007)and non-exclusive breastfeeding within six months(OR=1.214,95%CI:1.097-1.903,P=0.017)were more likey to develop anemia.Conclusions Maternal anemia in pregnancy(Hb<110 g/L in the last trimester),premature delivery and low birth weight are risk factors for anemia in infants.Exclusive breastfeeding has a positive effect on preventing anemia in infants aged 0~<6 months.

关 键 词：贫血 孕晚期 母乳喂养 影响因素 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]