《二娘子家书》对敦煌归义军史研究意义的再讨论  

A Re-Examination of the Significance of A Letter Home from Er Niangzi to the Study of the Dunhuang Guiyi Army

作　　者：刘郝霞[1] 项楚[1] Liu Haoxia;Xiang Chu

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所,成都610225

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期90-101,233,234,F0003,共15页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“敦煌吐鲁番出土汉文残碎片整理与研究”(24XTQ005)。

摘　　要：安徽博物院所藏许承尧旧藏《二娘子家书》是一件敦煌遗书,本托裱在某件经卷之后,后被揭裱下来成为一份独立的文书。这件文献原被认为是“唐人家信”,后经研究进一步判定为北宋太平兴国五年敦煌女子的家信。但通过对其内容中“闰三月”“天使司空”“东京”及“三月七日”和“六月廿一日”等关键信息的仔细分析,可知它更可能是曹议金被后唐正式封为归义军节度使的前一年,也就是同光元年六月二十一日,“二娘子”随夫婿通过灵武节度使韩洙的斡旋向后唐进贡,在顺利到达武威之际向家人汇报平安的家信。《二娘子家书》真实反映了曹议金归义军时期,借道灵武向当时的“东京”进发以期向后唐进贡的重要信息,是一件弥足珍贵的唐五代时期的历史文献。In the collection of the Anhui Museum,there is a Dunhuang manuscript named A Letter Home from Er Niangzi(二娘子家书),which was previously owned by Xu Chengyao,who served as a high-ranking government official in Gansu province for ten years from 1913 to 1924.During this period,he amassed more than two hundred Dunhuang manuscripts,among which A Letter Home from Er Niangzi was a special treasure.At first,it was attached to the back of a Buddhist scripture scroll.Later,it was detached and mounted separately to become an independent document.Xu Chengyao and others initially thought that this document dated back to the Tang Dynasty.However,Li Zhengyu determined that it was a letter written by Er Niangzi in Dunhuang in the fifth year of the Taiping Xingguo reign of the Northern Song Dynasty(AD 980).This finding offers significant historical insights into the social life and family communication in Dunhuang during the early Song dynasty.However,as a family letter,it is problematic that Er Niangzi would report her safety in a letter dated June 21,three months after allegedly arriving at her destination on March 7,980.Moreover,the gifts mentioned in the letter—tuánjǐn(embroidered silk)and tuáncháo hóngjǐn(red brocade with nested patterns)—are characteristic of Gansu and Liangzhou(present-day Wuwei in Gansu)rather than Kaifeng,the Northern Song capital.Additionally,while the letter mentioned the“leap third month”(闰三月)of that year,Dunhuang’s lunar calendar often differed from the Central Plains calendar by one month.Thus,the conclusion that the letter was written in 980 based on the Central Plains’leap third month and Dunhuang’s tribute mission to Kaifeng(then called Dongjing东京)in that year is untenable.Historical evidence suggests that the first year of the Tongguang reign of the Later Tang(AD 923)likely had a leap third month in Dunhuang’s calendar,corresponding to a leap fourth month in the Central Plains.Records indicate that after the Later Tang reestablished the Tang’s legacy,Cao

关 键 词：敦煌文献 许承尧 二娘子家书 闰三月 曹议金 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学]