殷墟传统之外:三星堆早期发掘与早期中国考古学  

Beyond the Archaeological Tradition Starting from the Yin Xu Site:The Early Excavations of Sanxingdui and Early Chinese Archaeology

作　　者：霍巍[1] Huo Wei

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期121-129,235,236,共11页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：学术界一般以河南安阳殷墟遗址的考古发掘作为中国考古学诞生的标志性成果之一,同时也认为由此形成了中国考古学根植于安阳殷墟的传统。但是,事实上在安阳殷墟之外,还有以不同方式出现的中国早期考古学的样本与范式,四川广汉三星堆遗址的早期发现与发掘就是其中的一个典型例证。三星堆早期发现与发掘(1927—1934)不仅在考古学的技术和方法上采取了西方田野考古学的惯例,而且在强调科学的方法和多学科研究方面也有所实践,与安阳殷墟发掘以古史重建为目标相互呼应,也提出了古蜀文明研究的新问题和新目标。不仅如此,作为中国西南地区首次科学考古的实践,在如何处理涉外关系与内部事务、展开民众宣传等方面,也有开拓性的成绩,为早期中国考古学的成立无疑提供了宝贵的历史经验。The academic community generally regards the archaeological excavations at the Yin Xu site in Anyang,Henan,as one of the landmark achievements marking the birth of Chinese archaeology.It is also widely believed that Chinese archaeology has since been rooted in the tradition established at Yin Xu.However,beyond Yin Xu,there were other early examples and paradigms of Chinese archaeology that emerged through different means.The early discovery and excavation of the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan,Sichuan(1927-1934)serves as a representative case.As the first scientific archaeological practice in Southwest China following the introduction of Western archaeology into China,this excavation not only adopted Western fieldwork techniques and methodologies but also emphasized scientific approaches and interdisciplinary research.While resonating with the excavations at Yin Xu in their aim of reconstructing ancient history,the Sanxingdui excavations also raised new questions and set new research objectives for the study of ancient Shu civilization.During the preliminary preparations for this excavation,extensive consultations and negotiations between the Chinese and foreign parties ultimately led to a mutually acceptable mode of cooperation,facilitating the smooth execution of this scientific archaeological endeavor.Given the highly complex political situation and social conditions at the time,this outcome undoubtedly reflected the political acumen and strategic capabilities of those involved.Furthermore,regarding the ownership of the excavated artifacts,the principal overseer of the excavation,David Crockett Graham,showed due respect for Chinese interests by adopting a negotiated approach to reach a final preservation agreement.As a result,this early collection of Sanxingdui artifacts was permanently preserved in China,thereby preventing them from becoming part of the widespread dispersal of Chinese cultural relics abroad due to foreign“archaeological”and“exploratory”activities during this period.As the director of the

关 键 词：三星堆考古 中国早期考古学 古蜀文明 中华文明探源 

分 类 号：K871.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]