民国前期报业失范与报律重建  

The Disorder of the Press Industry in Early Republican China and the Reconstruction of Press Laws

作　　者：杨天宏[1] Yang Tianhong

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期155-174,237,238,共22页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标课题“中国国会会议史”(2019ZAS016)。

摘　　要：民初以还,政府曾数度制订报律,反对者以有违言论出版自由原则、立法程序违制以及民主国家多无报律为由,激烈抵制。这些反对意见并非都能成立,但迫于舆论压力,先后提出的几个报律均被废除。报律废除后,新闻领域呈相对法律真空状态,虽客观上有利于言论表达,但也导致报业无法可依,野蛮生长,严重失范。面对这种局面,国人开始反思,却因政治分歧导致重建报律时的不同路线选择:北洋政府提出《报纸法案》,试图通过法律路线解决问题,由于政局动荡及报人意见歧出,未蒇其功;南方的国民党则通过政治解决路线,在北伐推翻军阀统治后,建立起一套全新的报业法规,民国报业失范状况有所改观。但因国民党专制集权,产生比民初及北洋时期更为严重报业束缚。近代报人追求新闻出版“绝对自由”,却种瓜得豆,事与愿违。At the beginning of the Republic of China,the Nanjing Provisional Government abolished the Daqing Press Law and simultaneously promulgated the Interim Press Law to regulate the press industry.Opponents vehemently resisted on the grounds that this press law violated the principle of freedom of the press and publication,that its legislation was not in line with proper procedures,and that most democratic countries did not have such press laws.Facing the opposition from the press circle,the Nanjing Provisional Government quickly abolished its Interim Press Law.The first press law of the Republic of China only existed for a week.In April 1914,the government of Yuan Shikai promulgated the Newspaper Regulations,known as the new press law.It stipulated that newspaper establishment required registration and the payment of a security deposit.Newspapers were prohibited from publishing content that damaged others’reputation and interests and other prohibited items.At the same time,it was stipulated that news manuscripts involving diplomacy,military affairs,etc.,must be filed with the police authorities before publication,and penalties for violations were also specified.As soon as this regulation was announced,it was met with a flood of criticism.People in the press circle believed that this regulation included a“pre-examination system,”which violated the principle that press and publication should be“absolutely free.”The original intention of the opponents was to safeguard the legally granted rights of freedom of the press and publication under the republican democratic system,but not all of their objections were tenable.Among them,the most crucial“pre-examination system”for news did not actually exist in the new press law.However,due to the continuous resistance of the opponents,this press law was abolished soon after Yuan Shikai’s death.After the successive abolition of the two press laws,the State Council meeting of the Beiyang Government once proposed the application of the Daqing Press Law.Prime Minister

关 键 词：民国前期 报律兴废 报业失范 报律重建 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] K26[历史地理—中国史]