民国初年的经学形态及其现代化转型——以复辟运动中的相关讨论为中心  

The Formation of Confucian Classical Studies in Early Republican China and Its Modern Transformation—A Case Study of Intellectual Discourses in the Monarchist Restoration Movement

作　　者：张道奎 Zhang Daokui

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期210-222,240,共14页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：山东省博士后创新项目“选择性表达理论视域中的民国儒学转型研究”(SDCX-RS-202400016)。

摘　　要：在中国经学史的研究中,民国初年的经学形态及其现代化转型的尝试具有特殊的讨论价值。由民国初年的复辟运动中的相关讨论所凸显的君臣上下、圣人当位的等级秩序原则,家天下、世袭制的政权交接办法以及王鲁共和、乾元用九的经史秩序设计,皆是帝制时代典章制度化的经学义理的具体表现形态。民国初年的复辟论者如宋育仁、杨度、康有为等人,也曾尝试把共和立宪的自由主义民主秩序纳入帝制儒学的话语体系中,试图在保守上述经学义理的基础上改造或部分地接纳现代民主共和政治。探明经学在帝制时代的基本特点及其在民国初年现代化转型中的初步尝试,对于推动经学的当代理论转化具有重要意义。The transformation of Confucianism in modern China has been intrinsically tied to shifts in state and societal structures,positioning it at the transitional juncture between imperial era and democratic era.Contemporary Chinese scholarly attempts to sever Confucianism’s historical ties with imperial institutions risk obscuring its phased characteristics and hindering its reconfiguration.During the imperial era,Confucian Classical Studies crystallized as a dual framework of moral-philosophical principles and institutionalized orthodoxy.The early Republican China witnessed the last ideological confrontation between these imperial-era doctrines and republican-democratic ideals,rendering the Monarchist Restoration Movement debates a paradigmatic lens for analyzing the imperial-era Confucian Classical Studies configuration.Monarchist scholars focused on three key themes:(1)the“sagely sovereign’s rightful position”as the cornerstone of hierarchical order,(2)the political efficacy of familial governance,and(3)the ideological contest between monarchist and democratic interpretations of“republicanism.”Figures such as Liu Tingchen and Shen Zengzhi anchored their arguments in the Yi Jing Hexagram Lüto assert that hierarchical norms—emphasizing ruler-subject distinctions—ensured social stability,with the sovereign as the moral-political axis.Invoking the Gongyang Commentary’s doctrine of“rectifying names,”they justified monarchic legitimacy while denouncing presidential electoral contests as destabilizing.The post-1914 debates further juxtaposed hereditary succession against electoral republicanism.Scholars like Lao Naixuan,Zhang Qin,and Yang Du cited Chinese classical precedents—Yu passing the throne to Qi and Yao voluntarily abdicating to Shun—to argue that hereditary rule ensured policy continuity and mitigated the republican pitfalls of“presidential power struggles”and“short-term governance.”Simultaneously,monarchist intellectuals sought to selectively adapt republican ideals.Lao Naixuan

关 键 词：经学 复辟运动 帝制 共和 康有为 民国初年 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] D092[历史地理—中国史]