上海市宝山区学龄前儿童体检结果纵向分析  

Longitudinal Analysis of Physical Examination Results of Preschool Children in Baoshan District of Shanghai

作　　者：黄珠珠 郭志超 黄小琴 吴文贤 王蕾 李哲 谢俊 吴昭谊 孙强 Huang Zhuzhu;Guo Zhichao;Huang Xiaoqin;Wu Wenxian;Wang Lei;Li Zhe;Xie Jun;Wu Zhaoyi;Sun Qiang(Shanghai Zhongye Hospital,Shanghai,200941,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海中冶医院,上海200941 [2]上海市宝山区月浦镇社区卫生服务中心,上海200941

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2025年第3期49-53,共5页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：上海市宝山区卫生健康委员会(BSZK-2023-T10)。

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市宝山区学龄前儿童的体格发育状况及其变化趋势,并探索长期封闭的室内生活对儿童体格发育的影响。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,抽取宝山区10个社区125家托幼机构学龄前儿童2020—2024年的连续体检数据,最终纳入有4次完整身高、体重记录的儿童10 951人。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ^(2)检验分析体检指标的性别差异,采用线性回归模型分析生长速度随年龄变化趋势,采用广义估计方程分析矮小和体质量指数与后续生长指标的相关性。结果:儿童身高、体重及生长速度等各指标均存在性别差异,且随年龄变化。矮小儿童身高增长速度比非矮小儿童平均低1.14 cm/年(β=-1.14,95%CI为-1.21~-1.07,P<0.01),体重增长速度比非矮小儿童平均低0.74 kg/年(β=-0.74,95%CI为-0.79~-0.68,P<0.01),且后续更容易出现消瘦(OR=3.83,95%CI为2.91~5.04,P<0.01)。2022—2023年新冠疫情期间,儿童肥胖率由2021年的4.60%上升至2022年的7.72%,2023年进一步上升至8.46%。结论:学龄前矮小症与后续生长速度较慢显著相关,长期封闭的室内生活会使儿童肥胖率升高,提示学龄前矮小症和封闭生活对儿童体格发育可能具有潜在不利影响。OBJECTIVE To understand the current physical development trajectory of preschool children in Baoshan District of Shanghai.The impact of the long-term confined indoor living on children’s physical development would be explored.METHODS A random cluster sampling method was used to select preschool children from 125 kindergartens in 10 neighborhoods in Baoshan District of Shanghai.Longitudinal physical examination data from 2020 to 2024 were collected,including 10951 children with complete height and weight records across four examinations.Wilcoxon tests andχ^(2) tests were used to analyze sex differences in the physical examination data.Linear regression models were employed to analyze growth velocity with age.Generalized Estimating Equations were used to explore the associations between short stature and subsequent growth indicators,and the association between body mass index and subsequent growth indicators.RESULTS Sex differences in various growth indicators were observed,such as height,weight and growth velocity,which also varied with age.The height growth velocity of children who developed short stature was on average 1.14 cm/year lower than that of non-short stature children(β=-1.14,95%CI:-1.21~1.07,P<0.01);the weight growth velocity of children who developed short stature was on average 0.74 kg/year lower than that of children without short stature(β=-0.74,95%CI:-0.79~0.68,P<0.01).The subsequent emaciation was more likely to occur in children who developed short stature(OR=3.83,95%CI:2.91~5.04,P<0.01).The prevalence of obesity in preschool children increased from 2022 to 2023 because of the long-term confined indoor living,from 4.6%in 2021 to 7.7%in 2022 and to 8.46%in 2023.CONCLUSION Short stature is significantly associated with slower growth velocity.The increase of obesity rates during the long-term confined indoor living was also observed.These findings suggest that both short stature and the long-term confined indoor living are potential negative impact on children’s physical development.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童体格发育 矮小症 超重 肥胖 纵向分析 

分 类 号：R194.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]