大采高坚硬顶板工作面关键层破断结构及强矿压防治技术研究  

Research on the fracture structure of the key layer of the working face of the hard roof of the large mining and the prevention and control technology of strong mine pressure

作　　者：李建辉 郑凯歌 李军 王林涛 王雄 张彦军 蔡鹏 曲浩铭 樊建 LI Jianhui;ZHENG Kaige;LI Jun;WANG Lintao;WANG Xiong;ZHANG Yanjun;CAI Peng;QU Haoming;FAN Jian(Xinzhen Coal Mine,Inner Mongolia Danmond Coal Co.,Ltd.,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017209,China;CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710077,China;Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian,Liaoning 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古丹蒙得煤业有限责任公司鑫臻煤矿,内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市017209 [2]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西省西安市710077 [3]大连交通大学,辽宁省大连市116028

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2025年第3期59-69,共11页China Coal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807221);西安研究院科技创新基金(2022XAYJS04)。

摘　　要：以神东矿区鑫臻煤矿15103工作面为工程背景,对大采高坚硬顶板条件下强矿压灾害发生机理及控制技术进行研究。采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实践等方法分析了坚硬顶板破断特征及破断结构,揭示了强矿压产生的主要原因,提出了定向长钻孔水力压裂超前区域弱化治理思路并应用于现场实践。研究结果表明,直接顶能够及时垮落,而基本顶滞后于直接顶垮落,坚硬顶板破断呈现“台阶岩梁”结构特征,且在直接顶垮落后与基本顶离层空间可达2.84 m,此较大离层空间也是工作面矿压强度大的主要原因,计算得到未弱化顶板条件下支架阻力为20.075 MN;基于坚硬顶板破断特征,提出了定向长钻孔区域弱化治理技术。实践表明,压裂区域支架强度范围最小在10 MPa左右,而在未压裂区域几乎未出现低应力区,压裂区应力集中范围降幅约47.6%;在集中系数大于1.02范围内,未压裂区域集中系数大于1.21的高应力集中区出现14处,而压裂区域出现7次,降低约1/2,压裂效果良好。Taking the 15103 working face of Xinzhen Coal Mine in Shendong mining area as the engineering background,this study investigated the mechanisms and control technologies of strong mine pressure disasters under conditions of large mining height and hard roof.Using numerical simulation,theoretical analysis,field practice and other methods,the fracture characteristics and fracture structure of hard roof were analyzed,and the main reasons for the strong mine pressure were revealed.A treatment scheme for the weakening of the advanced area of hydraulic fracturing in directional long borehole was proposed and applied to field practice.The results demonstrate that while the immediate roof collapses promptly,the main roof exhibits delayed collapse.The fractured hard roof presents a“stepped rock beam”structural characteristic,with a separation space reaching 2.84 m between the immediate and main roofs after collapse.This significant separation space is identified as the main contributor to intense mine pressure,with calculated support resistance reaching 20.075 MN under non-weakened roof conditions.Based on the fracture patterns,a directional long borehole regional weakening technology was developed.The practice shows that the minimum range of stent strength in the fracturing area is about 10 MPa,while in the non-fracturing area,there is almost no low-stress area,and the stress concentration range in the fracturing area is reduced by about 47.6%.In the range of concentration coefficient greater than 1.02,there were 14 high-stress concentration areas with a concentration coefficient greater than 1.21 in the non-fracturing area,and 7 times in the fracturing area,which was 1/2 of the fracturing area,and the fracturing effect was good.

关 键 词：坚硬顶板 大采高 强矿压灾害 顶板结构 定向长钻孔 水力压裂 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]