河南某医院21例诺卡菌病临床特征及耐药性分析  

Clinical characteristics of 21 cases of nocardiosis and antimicrobial resistance of Nocardia strains in a hospital in Henan Province

作　　者：梁冰[1] 袁文清[1] 赵亮 张新丽[1] 胡春霞[3] 胡敬华[3] 王海潮 LIANG Bing;YUAN Wenqing;ZHAO Liang;ZHANG Xinli;HU Chunxia;HU Jinghua;WANG Haichao(Department of Laboratory Medicine,Zhoukou Central Hospital,Zhoukou Henan 466000,China)

机构地区：[1]周口市中心医院检验科,河南周口466000 [2]周口市中心血站 [3]周口市中心医院感染科,河南周口466000

出　　处：《中国感染与化疗杂志》2025年第2期127-131,共5页Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

摘　　要：目的 分析诺卡菌病的临床特点和诺卡菌的耐药性,以提高该病临床诊断和治疗的准确性。方法 回顾性收集2019—2023年周口市中心医院确诊为诺卡菌病患者的临床资料和药敏试验数据,分析其临床特征、细菌药敏结果及治疗与转归。结果 21例诺卡菌病患者,男9例,女12例,年龄2~91岁,肺诺卡菌病15例,其次为皮肤软组织感染、胸膜炎、淋巴结炎和播散性诺卡菌病,有15例患者存在基础疾病。实验室检查可见白细胞、中性粒细胞比值、红细胞沉降率、 C 反应蛋白和降钙素原升高。21株诺卡菌中圣乔治诺卡菌4株,巴西诺卡菌、脓肿诺卡菌、亚洲诺卡菌、豚鼠耳炎诺卡菌和北京诺卡菌各2株,脓液诺卡菌、星型诺卡菌、皮疽诺卡菌、肺炎诺卡菌和天美诺卡菌各1株,仅鉴定到诺卡菌属2株。21株诺卡菌对利奈唑胺、阿米卡星和复方磺胺甲噁唑敏感率最高,均为100%,其次是头孢噻肟、莫西沙星、亚胺培南和头孢曲松,对头孢吡肟、米诺环素、环丙沙星和克拉霉素敏感率较低。不同诺卡菌种的抗生素敏感性存在差异。21例诺卡菌病患者中,2例转院,2例死亡,2例治疗措施不明确;15例使用抗菌药物治疗后好转,其中在磺胺类基础上联合其他抗菌药物治疗11例,使用其他抗菌药物治疗4例。结论 诺卡菌病多见于有基础疾病和免疫功能低下的患者,临床特征复杂多样,且不同诺卡菌种对抗生素的敏感性存在差异,需要实验室提供给临床准确的菌种鉴定和药敏试验结果以选择有效的抗生素治疗方案。Objective The clinical characteristics of 21 cases of nocardiosis were reviewed and antimicrobial resistance of Nocardia strains was analyzed in order to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nocardiosis.Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with nocardiosis in Zhoukou Central Hospital from 2019-2023 and the corresponding results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients.Results Overall,the 21 cases of nocardiosis included 9 males and 12 females,aged 2-91 years.Underlying disease was reported in 15 patients.Most common type of nocardiosis was pulmonary nocardiosis in 15 cases,followed by skin and soft tissue infection,pleurisy,lymphadenitis,and disseminated nocardiosis.Laboratory tests showed increased levels of WBC,neutrophils percentage,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein,and procalcitonin.The 21 strains of Nocardia included 4 strains of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica,2 strains each of Nocardia brasiliensis,Nocardia abscessus,Nocardia asiatica,Nocardia otitidiscaviarum and Nocardia beijingensis,and 1 strain each of Nocardia puris,Nocardia asteroides,Nocardia farcinica,Nocardia pneumoniae,Nocardia amamiensis,and 2 strains of unclassified Nocardia.All of the Nocardia strains(100%)were susceptible to linezolid,amikacin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,followed by various levels of susceptibility to cefotaxime,moxifloxacin,imipenem and ceftriaxone,and lower susceptibility rate to cefepime,minocycline,ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin.Antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia strains varied with different Nocardia species.Of the 21 patients,two were referred to other hospitals,another two died,two patients received unknown treatment,and the remaining 15 patients were improved after antibiotic treatment,including sulfonamides combined with other antibiotics in 11 cases,other antibiotics in 4 cases.Conclusions Immunocompromised patients or those with underlying diseases are more susceptible

关 键 词：诺卡菌 诺卡菌病 临床特征 耐药性 

分 类 号：R519.1[医药卫生—内科学]