启蒙理性与浪漫精神——H.G.波尔坦对芬兰民俗学的贡献  

Between the Enlightenment and Romanticism:Henrik Gabriel Porthan's Contribution to Finnish Folkloristics

作　　者：陈昕 Chen Xin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院民间文学研究所

出　　处：《艺术与民俗》2025年第1期59-66,共8页Journal of Arts and Folklore

摘　　要：H.G.波尔坦是芬兰民俗学萌芽之际一位非常重要却又往往被人忽略的学者,他的主张兼具启蒙理性与浪漫精神,奠定了芬兰民俗学的学科底色,体现了18世纪欧洲民俗学起源时期芬兰民俗研究的独特尝试。通过对其所处时代背景及其思想道路的梳理可以发现,波尔坦一方面吸收了经验科学与功利主义的启蒙思想,为后世民俗学的研究方法提供了思路,直接促成了《卡勒瓦拉》的诞生与芬兰历史地理学派的创立;另一方面,在前人思想的基础上将新人文主义的实践本土化,生发了图尔库浪漫主义时期的芬兰民族主义运动。Henrik Gabriel Porthan was a significant yet often overlooked scholar in the emmerging period of Finnish folklore studies.Embracing both Enlightenment rationality and Romantic spirit,his ideas laid the foundation of Finnish folkloristics and represented a unique attempt of Finnish folklore research during the emergence of European folklore studies in the 18th century.An analysis of the historical context and the development of his ideas reveals that,on one hand,Porthan incorporated Enlightenment principles of empirical science and utilitarianism,which provided ideas for the research methodologies of folklore studies in later generations and directly contributed to the creation of Kalevala and the establishment of the Finnish Historical-Geography School.On the other hand,he localized the practice of New Humanism based on the work of previous scholars,which sparked the Finnish nationalist movement during the Turku Romanticism period.

关 键 词：H.G.波尔坦 芬兰民俗学 启蒙运动 新人文主义 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]