生成式AI大模型的风险问题与规制进路:以GPT-4为例  

Risks and Regulation Approaches of Generative AI Foundation Models:A Case Study of GPT-4

作　　者：王晓丽[1] 严驰 WANG Xiaoli;YAN Chi(School of Law,Humanities and Sociology,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期17-27,共11页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目(19YJC820044);湖北省知识产权局2023年软科学项目(20232S0064);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2024-XBZD-04);浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划项目(2024QN009)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能的发展为人类社会带来了深层次和颠覆性的挑战。GPT-4在技术更新的同时也引发了底层算法、训练数据、知识产权方面的风险。在底层算法上,尽管GPT-4中潜藏着算法歧视的风险,但算法公开殊无必要,应借鉴类脑研究思路,推动GPT-4走向通用人工智能;在训练数据上,GPT-4背后的海量数据存在较大的合规风险,应设立数据销毁制度,维护意识形态安全,探索中国特色发展方案;在知识产权上,GPT-4带来了一系列侵权风险,引发了生成物的作品属性认定争议,但尚无法构成对人类的作者主体资格的挑战。为更好地应对生成式人工智能大模型技术发展风险,应及时制定合适的规制方案,在元规制理论下,借鉴欧盟《数字服务法》中的制度设计,结合已有算法治理实践,寻求数字时代的自主创新,助力人工智能产业安全发展。The development of generative artificial intelligence(AI)has posed profound and subversive challenges to human society.The technological update of GPT-4 causes problems and risks in underlying algorithms,training data,and intellectual property.In terms of the underlying algorithm,although there is a risk of algorithm discrimination in GPT-4,it is not necessary to make the algorithm publicly available.Instead,we should draw on brain-inspired research to promote GPT-4 to artificial general intelligence(AGI).As to training data,the massive data behind GPT-4 presents significant compliance risks;therefore,we should set up a data destruction system,maintain ideological security,and explore development options with Chinese characteristics.Regarding intellectual property,GPT-4 raises a series of infringement risks,triggering disputes over the attribution of authorship for the generated outputs.However,it has not yet constituted a challenge to the qualification of human subjects.To better deal with the risks in the process of technological development,we should formulate an appropriate regulatory scheme in time.Under the theory of metaregulation,we should seek independent innovation in the digital age to facilitate the development of digital economy,learning from the institutional design of the Digital Services Act of the European Union and integrating the existing algorithm governance practices.

关 键 词：人工智能 GPT-4 大模型 算法歧视 数据安全 知识产权 

分 类 号：D922.17[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] TP181[政治法律—法学]