中国对外航权开放与交换:现状、问题与改进  

China’s Opening Exchange of Air Traffic Rights:Present Situation,Problems,and Improvement

作　　者：李烨 LI Ye(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 210106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京210106

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期104-114,共11页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目(16SFB2045);国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD183)。

摘　　要：航权是国家主权在经济领域的具体体现,而对外航权交换是国际航空运输的基础。中国对外航权交换在政策主导下,以双边模式为主,多边模式为辅,单边模式为例外,主要开放与交换前四类航权,同时试点开放第五、第七航权。目前,中国在对外航权开放和参与航权交换方面都存在一些问题。相较之下,美国与欧盟“国家—区域”航权交换机制,在法律为主导的双边与多边模式嵌套下,实现航权交换的高效合作。中国在对外航权开放与交换的改进路径上,应增加法律供给,在法律主导下适度扩大航权开放范围,在协调多种交换模式的基础上注重多边模式的推进,以实现中国对外航权开放与交换活动的科学与高效。Air traffic rights are a concrete embodiment of national sovereignty in the economic field,and the exchange of air traffic rights with foreign countries is the basis of international air transportation.Guided by policy,China primarily opens and exchanges the first four types of traffic rights and pilots programs for the fifth and seventh traffic rights,with the bilateral mode as the main mode,multilateral mode as the auxiliary,and unilateral mode as the exception.Currently,China has encountered some problems in opening traffic rights to foreign countries and participating in the exchange of traffic rights.In comparison,the“state-regional”traffic rights exchange mechanism between the United States and the European Union has realized efficient cooperation in traffic rights exchange under the nested bilateral and multilateral modes governed by law.To improve the opening exchange of air traffic rights,China should increase the supply of law,moderately expand the opening range of traffic rights under the guidance of law,and prioritize the promotion of multilateral mode on the basis of coordinating various exchange modes.This approach could help achieve a scientific and efficient opening exchange of air traffic rights.

关 键 词：航权开放 航权交换 开放政策 航空运输 开放天空 

分 类 号：DF934[政治法律—国际法学]