区块链赋能政府数据开放的风险及其规制  

Risks of Government Data Opening Empowered by Blockchain and Its Regulation

作　　者：李轩 LI Xuan(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期115-123,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AFX007)。

摘　　要：数据开放是数智时代政府的新型行政任务,但现阶段中心化开放模式难以兼顾数据安全性和数据可用性的双重需要。区块链赋能政府数据开放是大数据时代的必然趋势,以共识机制提升政府数据的互信性、以加密算法保障数据安全性和以智能合约增强数据可用性。但作为一种新兴技术,区块链既具有赋能效用,也可能引发风险,包括区块链技术不完善引发的内部风险以及与法律制度不适配引发的外部风险。对此,法律规制是可行进路。首先,针对区块链自身技术缺陷引发的内部风险,应从法律层面构建区块链风险规制机制;其次,针对法律滞后性引发的区块链赋能的合规风险,应建立沙盒监管等试错机制;最后,针对数据鸿沟引发的利益俘获风险,应形成多元共治的数据治理体系。Data opening is a new administrative task of governments in the digital smart era,but the current centralized opening model is difficult to meet the dual needs of data security and availability.Government data opening empowered by blockchain is an inevitable trend in the era of big data.It improves mutual trust in government data through the consensus mechanism,ensures data security via encryption algorithms,and enhances data availability through intelligent contracts.However,as an emerging technology,blockchain not only provides empowerment utility,but also introduces risks,including internal risks caused by technological immaturity and external risks caused by mismatch with legal systems.To address these challenges,legal regulation presents feasible solutions.First,to mitigate the internal risks,a blockchain risk regulation mechanism should be established at the legal level.Second,sandbox regulation and other trial-and-error mechanisms should be developed to address compliance risks resulting from legal lag.Thirdly,to reduce the risk of interest capture caused by data gaps,a multi-governance data system should be formed.

关 键 词：政府数据开放 区块链 技术赋能 技术风险 数据治理 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D63[政治法律—法学]