算法时代垄断协同行为认定理论的完善  

Improvement of Theory for Identifying Monopolistic Concerted Practices in Algorithmic Era

作　　者：房佃辉 FANG Dianhui(School of Economic Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学经济法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期124-132,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：垄断协同行为是竞争执法机关规制算法共谋的现有工具,立足于协同行为认定理论的完善,对算法时代协同行为认定理论面临的挑战及其对策进行研究。算法使信息交流方式弱化,主观要件证明发生困难,同时算法使经营者主观意图隐蔽化,可归责性存在质疑。在信息交流认定标准方面,应对“信息交流”进行扩大解释,将经营者知道或者可以预见其他经营者的相关信息的情形推定为存在“信息交流”,除非经营者可以提供相反证据,同时提高经营者的公开叛离义务。在间接证据方面,应关注算法设计和运行过程中的“人为”因素,尤其关注在算法、数据和参数等方面人为增加透明度或同质化的设置。通过捕捉“人为”因素,可以将经营者主观意图与客观行为相联系,然后按照主客观相一致的原则,对经营者责任进行判断。Monopolistic concerted practices are an existing tool for competition enforcement agencies to regulate algorithmic collusion.To improve the theory for identifying monopolistic concerted practices,this paper examines the challenges it faces in the algorithmic era and suggests countermeasures.Algorithms weaken the method for information communication,making it difficult to prove subjective elements.They also conceal the subjective intention of operators,raising questions about liability.Therefore,in terms of the identification standards,the definition of information communication should be expanded.It should be presumed to exist if the operator knows or can foresee the relevant information of other operators,unless the operator can provide evidence to the contrary.The obligation of public defection of the operator should also be strengthened.In terms of circumstantial evidence,attention should be paid to the“artificial”factors in the design and operation of algorithms,especially the settings that artificially increase transparency or homogenization in algorithms,data,and parameters.Identifying the“artificial”factors can link the operator’s subjective intention with the objective behavior.The operator’s responsibility can then be judged according to the principle of subjective and objective consistency.

关 键 词：算法共谋 协同行为 信息交流 合理预见 “人为”因素 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]