达斡尔族传统文化中的禳灾与防灾知识  

Disaster Aversion and Prevention Knowledge in the Traditional Culture of the Daur Ethnic Group

作　　者：梁运过 曹福臣 石应茹 LIANG Yunguo;CAO Fuchen;SHI Yingru(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408;Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006;Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京101408 [2]山西大学科学技术史研究所,山西太原030006 [3]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《呼伦贝尔学院学报》2025年第1期28-33,共6页Journal of Hulunbuir University

基　　金：2021年中国科学院自然科学史研究所“十四五”重大项目“中国科技传统及其现实意义研究”(E3293G02ZY)。

摘　　要：达斡尔族传统文化中蕴含着丰富的防灾减灾智慧与方法。达斡尔族历史上面临了包括洪涝、干旱、霜冻、风沙等多种自然灾害的挑战。在自然灾害带来的生存挑战中,达斡尔族运用传统知识观察和识别环境中的脆弱点及潜在灾害,形成了一套与自然和谐相处、利用宗教和仪式活动来感知和预防灾害影响的知识体系,其中包含特定的禳灾习俗与防灾手段。达斡尔族的禳灾习俗包括节日禳灾、禳灾仪式和敬神禳灾等,通过特定的禳灾方法来祈求神灵的庇护和自然灾害的消除。达斡尔族的防灾减灾知识也体现在日常生活和生产活动中,揭示了该民族对自然环境变化的敏感性和应对能力。The traditional culture of the Daur ethnic group contains a wealth of wisdom and methods for disaster prevention and mitigation.Historically,the Daur people have faced challenges from various natural disasters,including floods,droughts,frost,and sandstorms.In the face of survival challenges brought by natural disasters,the Daur people have used traditional knowledge to observe and identify vulnerabilities and potential disasters in the environment,forming a knowledge system that coexists harmoniously with nature and uses religious and ritual activities to perceive and prevent the impact of disasters.This system includes specific customs and methods for averting disasters.The customs of disaster aversion among the Daur people include festival aversion,ritual aversion,and divine aversion,through which they seek the protection of deities and the elimination of natural disasters.The knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation among the Daur people is also reflected in their daily life and production activities,revealing the ethnic group's sensitivity and response capability to changes in the natural environment.

关 键 词：达斡尔族 防灾减灾 传统知识 禳灾形式 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]