性别权力与神圣授意:鄂伦春族与满族“天鹅处女型”故事比较研究  

Gender Power and Divine Instruction:A Comparative Study of the"Swan Virgin"Stories of Oroqen and Manchu

作　　者：牛聪 NIU Cong(Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京100081

出　　处：《呼伦贝尔学院学报》2025年第1期50-59,共10页Journal of Hulunbuir University

基　　金：2024年中央民族大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识阶段性成果“铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下的东北诸民族神鹿故事研究”(GTTZX2024088)。

摘　　要：“天鹅处女型”故事是在全世界范围内广泛流传的一种故事类型,在我国东北地区的鄂伦春族与满族中也搜集到相关文本。鄂伦春族与满族的“天鹅处女型”故事在叙事脉络、情节内容等方面既存在差异性又具有一定共通性。文章运用母题分析法来解析两民族“天鹅处女型”故事的异同及其背后的文化意蕴,在两民族共有母题“仙女下凡沐浴”“仙女人间结合”“仙女滞留人间”“仙女离去返天”之外,鄂伦春族故事还普遍具备“凡男追妻”与“难题考验”母题,满族故事则增加“释源”母题,两民族故事中皆体现着“万物有灵”观念与水崇拜信仰。两民族故事具有共性的同时又独具本民族文化特点。鄂伦春族的“天鹅处女型”故事情节结构较为典型,侧重两性情感叙事,其深层内核透露着两性话语权力的缓和及社会对女性身份的认同。满族的“天鹅处女型”故事多与族源传说相结合,叙事重心逐渐从讴歌情感向解释族源过渡,强调满族始祖的神奇降生与权力的神圣授意,其情节内容在一定程度上彰显了满汉民族的交往交流交融关系。The virgin swan story is a type of story that has been widely circulated all over the world,and related texts have been collected among the Oroqen and Manchu in the northeast region of China.The swan-virgin stories of Oroqen and Manchu have both differences and commonalities in the narrative context and plot content.The article uses the motif analysis method to analyze the similarities and differences of the Swan Virgin stories of the two ethnic groups and the cultural implications behind them.In addition to the common motifs of the two ethnic groups,"fairies go down to the earth to bathe","fairies marry on earth","fairies stay in the world"and"fairies leave and return to heaven",the Oroqen stories also generally have the motifs of"men chasing their wives"and"difficult problems",and the Manchu stories add the motif of"interpretation of the source".The story of the two ethnic groups embodies the concept of"animism"and the belief in water worship.However,the stories of the two peoples have commonalities and at the same time are unique to their own cultures.The structure of the story of the swan virgin of the Oroqen people is more typical,focusing on the emotional narrative of the sexes,and its deep core reveals the easing of the discursive power of the sexes and the identity of women in society.The story of the Manchu swan virgin type is mostly combined with the legend of the origin of the family,and the focus of the narrative gradually transitions from eulogizing the emotion to explaining the origin of the family,emphasizing the miraculous birth of the Manchu ancestor and the divinedictates of power,and its plot content highlights the communication and blending relationship of the Manchu and Han people to a certain extent.

关 键 词：东北少数民族 “天鹅处女型”故事 母题学 两性权力 君权神授 

分 类 号：I27[文学—中国文学]