呼伦贝尔草原不同类型植物群落特征及物种生态位研究  

Study on the Community Characteristics and Species Niche of Different Plants Communities in Hulunbuir Steppe

作　　者：刘琼[1] 乌仁其其格[1] 李杰[1] 闫瑞瑞[2] LIU Qiong;Wurenqiqige;LI Jie;YAN Ruirui(Hulunbuir University,Hailar,Inner Mongolia 021008;Institute of Agriculture Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《呼伦贝尔学院学报》2025年第1期112-124,共13页Journal of Hulunbuir University

基　　金：2022年内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“退化羊草草原机械化切根复壮与健康耕层构建复式作业技术及机械研制”(2022YFDZ0019);2021年呼伦贝尔学院校级项目“不同利用方式下家庭牧场植被特征变化研究”(2021FDYB03);2021年呼伦贝尔学院校级项目“环境科学专业服务地方经济的实践教学运行模式探索”(JYZC2021038)。

摘　　要：为揭示呼伦贝尔草原不同类型植物群落特征及群落中主要物种占据环境资源的能力,以草甸草原羊草(Leymuschinensis)+杂类草群落、贝加尔针茅(StipaBaicalensis)+羊草群落和线叶菊(Filifoliumsibiricum)+日阴菅(Carexpediformis)群落,以及典型草原大针茅(S.grandis)+糙隐子草(Cleistogenessquarrosa)群落和克氏针茅(S.krylovii)+多根葱(Allium polyrhizum)群落为研究对象,分析群落特征和主要物种生态位特征的变化。结果表明:Margarlef丰富度指数、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在所有草甸草原植物群落中均显著高于典型草原植物群落(P<0.05)。草甸草原线叶菊+日阴菅群落物种组成最丰富,一、二年生植物在典型草原群落中占比均高于草甸草原群落。生态位特征分析发现:草甸草原羊草+杂类草群落、贝加尔针茅+羊草群落和典型草原大针茅+糙隐子草群落、克氏针茅+多根葱群落建群种生态位宽度均在0.80以上,仅线叶菊+日阴菅群落中建群种线叶菊生态位宽度较低为0.35。草甸草原羊草+杂类草群落和贝加尔针茅+羊草群落生态位重叠值偏高(0.50<Oij<1.00)的种对数占比均超过50%,其它3个群落生态位重叠值偏高的种对数占比均低于50%。不同类型群落间群落特征和生态位特征有较大差异,对不同类型草原进行利用和植被恢复建设时,可根据不同类型植物群落物种生态适应性进行调控。This investigation aimed toexplore the plant community characteristics and niche of major species in differentgrassland types(Leymuschinensis+forbs community,StipaBaicalensis+Leymuschinensis community,Filifoliumsibiricum+Carexpediformiscommunity,S.grandis+Cleistogenessquarrosa community,S.krylovii+Allium polyrhizum community)in Hulunbuir.The results showed that the Margarlef richness index,Simpson diversity index,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of all meadow steppe communities were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of typical steppe communities.The F.sibiricum+C.pediformis community showed the richest species composition,with the proportion of annual and biennial plants in two typical steppe communities was higher than that in three meadow steppe communities.The niche breadth of the constructive species were all above 0.80inL.chinensis+forbs community,S.Baicalensis+L.chinensis community,S.grandis+C.squarrosacommunity,and S.krylovii+A.polyrhizum community,while the F.sibiricumwas lower at 0.35in F.sibiricum+C.pediformiscommunity.Among the species pairs composed of all species,more than 50%of which had niche overlap value 0.50<Oij<1.00in L.chinensis+forbs community,and S.Baicalensis+L.chinensis community,less than 50%of which had niche overlap value 0.50<Oij<1.00in the other three communities.It indicated that there weresignificant differences in community characteristics and niche characteristics among different communities.Therefore,restoration measures should be adjusted to different communitiesaccording to their ecological adaptability during the utilization and restoration vegetation.

关 键 词：草甸草原 典型草原 物种组成 物种多样性 生态位 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]