多孔炭流动电极对氮磷钾钙离子的电容去离子性能分析  

Capacitive deionization performance of the porous carbon flow electrode for nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium ions

作　　者：牛文娟 宋涛 须吴潇 余政 唐浩冉 艾平[1] 袁巧霞[1] 孟海波 NIU Wenjuan;SONG Tao;XU Wuxiao;YU Zheng;TANG Haoran;AI Ping;YUAN Qiaoxia;MENG Haibo(Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,MARA,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部水产养殖设施工程重点实验室,华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部成都沼气科学研究所,成都610041 [3]农业农村部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室,农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第5期227-239,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2024AFD368);武汉市自然科学基金探索计划项目(晨光计划2024040801020297)。

摘　　要：针对流动电极电容去离子(flow electrode capacitive deionization,FCDI)技术的的电极材料吸附性能欠佳和电解液不统一的问题,该研究以多孔炭为流动电极,探讨不同多孔炭理化特性和电容去离子性能,探究不同电解液和不同初始离子浓度的去离子性能,并利用动力学模型解析电容去离子过程。结果表明,ZnCl_(2)活化后,PC-1Zn-600的含氧官能团(C=O和O=C-O)增加,比表面积提升至1137.23 m^(2)/g,平均孔径为1.70 nm,对称电容器中PC-1Zn-600的比电容达72.30 F/g,还具有最小的电阻(2.53Ω),而经过100次的CDI(capacitive deionization,CDI)吸附/解吸循环后,PC-1Zn-600的去除量保持率仍有73.83%。在210 min时,PC-1Zn-600为电极材料对氨氮、P、K和Ca去除率分别达到了84.98%、79.97%、72.79%和91.21%。对于3种电解液(进液、K_(2)SO_(4)和H_(2)O),当电解液为H_(2)O时,处理氨氮和P的效果较好,去除率分别达91.69%和75.55%,并且回收能耗更低。随着初始离子浓度的增加,FCDI的离子去除率降低,但随着时间延长至210~570 min以上,FCDI对氮磷钾钙离子的去除率都可以接近100%。流动电极电容去离子过程更适合伪一级动力学模型(R2>0.96),建议FCDI处理高离子浓度运行时间6~9 h以上;FCDI的离子迁移过程由双电层和离子交换膜控制,进液界面与离子交换膜的接触面积以及离子交换膜的性质是FCDI处理高浓度离子的关键因素。研究可为流动电极电容去离子的工业化应用提供参考。Flow electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is one of the most promising technologies for the continuous desalination and energy-efficient water purification.However,the performance of FCDI is confined to the electrode materials and the electrolyte composition.In this study,the porous carbon was synthesized to activate the biochar with different mass ratios of ZnCl_(2).A systematic investigation was implemented to evaluate the physicochemical properties and capacitive deionization performance of the resulting porous carbon materials.An assessment was then performed on the deionization efficiency under varying electrolytes and initial ion concentrations.The capacitive deionization was analyzed using kinetic models.The key factors were determined on by the FCDI process.The potential application was given in various environments with the high ion concentrations.The results demonstrated that the ZnCl_(2)activation was enhanced the physicochemical and capacitive deionization properties of the porous carbon.When the mass ratio of ZnCl_(2)to porous carbon was 1(PC-1Zn-600),the specific surface area of the material increased to 1137.23 m^(2)/g,and the pore diameter was reduced to 1.70 nm.Additionally,there was the an increase in the concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups(e.g.,C=O,O=C-O).The specific capacitance values of PC-1Zn-600 and PC-2Zn-600 were improved to 72.30 F/g and 169.98 F/g,respectively,compared with the PC-600(25.74 F/g),indicating the 1.81 and 5.60 fold increase,respectively.Furthermore,the electrical resistance of PC-1Zn-600 was reduced to 2.53Ω.The removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen,Phosphorus(P),Potassium(K),and Calcium(Ca)ions using the PC-1Zn-600 flow electrode reached 84.98%,79.9%,72.79%,and 91.21%,respectively,after 210 min,compared with the PC-600 and PC-2Zn-600.Among the three electrolytes(feed solution,K_(2)SO_(4),and H_(2)O),the H_(2)O electrolyte was the most effective to remove ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus,with the removal rates of 91.69%and 75.55%,respectively.The H_(

关 键 词：电极材料 电解液 吸附动力学 对称电容器 双电层 离子交换膜 养分回收 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] S21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]