变迁时代民众慈善意愿特征及宏微观影响因素分析  

Analysis of the Characteristics of People’s Philanthropic Willingness in Changing Times and Macro and Micro Influencing Factors

作　　者：刘娅萱 谭旭运[2,3] 王清源 刘佳音 王一楠 Liu Yaxuan;Tan Xuyun;Wang Qingyuan;Liu Jiayin;Wang Yinan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院 [2]中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会心理学研究中心 [3]中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会心理大数据与人工智能实验室 [4]曲阜师范大学心理学院

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2024年第2期126-149,261,共25页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“共同富裕目标下的社会心态特征与演变趋势”(项目编号:23ASH004)的资助。

摘　　要：中国慈善事业发展至今,在思想观念、具体内容、参与主体、组织形式等方面都经历了漫长的变迁过程。进入新时代后,受传统文化与现代理念等诸多因素的综合影响,民众慈善观念和行为意愿更呈现新的特点。本文使用2022年中国社会心态调查数据,从不同维度分析了新时代民众慈善意愿的具体特点,并探讨了宏观因素和个体因素对于不同类型慈善的影响。结果显示,在个体因素方面,民众整体对于文化传承和科技创新等现代慈善类型的偏好程度,已经高于扶危济困或场馆建设等在既往中占据主流的慈善类型,受教育程度越高、主观社会阶层越高的人群慈善意愿水平越高,但月收入对慈善意愿的影响较弱;在宏观因素方面,传统经济指标GDP的增长可以促进居民在帮扶弱者,加强基础设施建设方面的慈善意愿,而综合现代化水平越高,越发达城市的居民,其对科技文化等现代慈善的支持意愿越强。基于此,未来可以进一步更新慈善理念,畅通民众慈善参与渠道,逐步形成“人人心怀慈善、人人参与慈善”的慈善文化氛围,促进中国现代慈善事业的发展与变迁。Since the development of China's philanthropy,it has gone through a long process of change in terms of ideological concepts,specific contents,participating subjects,organizational forms and other aspects.After entering the new age,people's conception of philanthropy and behavioral willingness have shown new characteristics due to the combined influence of many factors,such as traditional culture and modern concepts.This study uses the data from the 2022 China's Social Mentality Survey to analyze the specific characteristics of people's philanthropic willingness in the new era from different dimensions,and explores the influence of macro and individual factors on different types of charities.The results show that the people's overall preference for modern charity types,such as cultural heritage and technological innovation,has been higher than that for charity types that dominated in the past,such as helping the needy or venue construction,and that the level of charitable willingness is higher for those with higher levels of education and higher subjective social strata,but the influence of monthly income on charitable willingness is weaker;in terms of macro factors,the growth of GDP,a traditional economic indicator,can promote the residents in the charitable willingness to help the weak and strengthen infrastructure construction,while the higher the level of comprehensive modernization and the more developed city residents,their willingness to support modern charity such as science,technology and culture is stronger.Based on this,we can further update the concept of charity,open up the channels of people's participation in charity,and gradually form a philanthropic cultural atmosphere of“everyone's heart for charity and everyone's participation in charity”,so as to promote the development and change of China's modern charitable undertakings.

关 键 词：慈善意愿 慈善事业变迁 全民慈善 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]