北京民众的奥运关注和参与:北京“双奥”对比研究  

The Expectation and Participation of Residents of Beijing on Olympics Games:A Comparative Study of Beijing“Dual Olympics”

作　　者：应小萍[1,2,3] 彭雨婷 Ying Xiaoping;Peng Yuting

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会心理学研究中心 [3]中国社会科学院社会心理与行为实验室 [4]中国社会科学院大学民族与社会学院

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2024年第2期175-195,262,263,共23页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：中国社会科学院研究阐释中华民族现代文明重大创新项目“人类命运共同体理念的文化心理根基与践行路径”(项目编号:2023YZD050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究基于在2022年北京冬奥会和2008年北京奥运会前实施的两次北京民众奥运调查数据,分析对比了民众对北京“双奥”的关注和参与状况及变化,重点探讨了在“逆全球化”和“个人主义化”趋势和背景下,民众关注奥运的国际视野(如扩大国际影响)相对于国家视野(如办好自己国家的事)、集体视野相对于个人视野在“双奥”中的变化,以及年龄世代在其中的作用,以考察社会变迁在民众奥运心态上的反映。结果发现,相比于2008年北京奥运会,民众对2022年北京冬奥会的国际影响预期显著降低,且参与2022年北京冬奥会的国家层面动机增强,揭示了“逆全球化”背景下国际视野的淡化;民众参与2022年北京冬奥会的个人动机较之2008年北京奥运会显著增加,且2008年北京奥运会中关注国家影响大于关注个人影响的“集体强势效应”在2022年北京冬奥会消失,提示了个人主义化和集体主义的式微。但也发现,民众在奥运关注和参与中的国际视野与国家视野、集体视野与个人视野之间并非简单的此消彼长关系,而是发生着同步的变化,例如,从2008年北京奥运会到2022年北京冬奥会,参与奥运的国家层面动机和个人层面动机同步增加。提示我们国际视野与国家视野、集体视野与个人视野之间并非相互对立,而是可以彼此兼容,这为建构“美美与共”的共存共享心理和人类命运共同体意识提供了来自社会心态变迁方面的证据。Based on the two surveys on the Beijing Olympics Survey among the residents of Beijing,which were respectively conducted just before the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 and before the Olympic Games Beijing 2008,the present study compared the changes of expectation and attitude on Olympic Games across the fourteen years between Beijing“Dual Olympics”.Our major concern were taken under the general background and changing tendency of the“de-globalization”and“individualism”which prevail in past decades cross the whole world,with the aim to examine the effects of these social cultural changes on people's attitudes on Olympic Games.In particular,we made our discussion by focusing on two pairs of perspectives which contrasted with each other in some sense:the international versus the national views,and the collective versus individual views.Thereby,we examined the impacts of global social transition on individual's social mentality on Olympic Games,as well as the influence of the related factors such as the cohort of people and the winter and summer Olympic.The results showed that,compared with 2008,people's expectations on the Olympics Game's international impact in 2022 were significantly reduced,together with the significant increase in the national-oriented focus during people's participation of Olympic Game,which implied the weakness of the international views in the context of“anti-globalization”.Meanwhile,compared with the 2008,the individual-oriented focus in people's participation in Olympic-related social activities in 2022 increased significantly,together with the vanish of the“collectivism-dominating effect”in 2022 which was evidenced in 2008 and embodied as the subjective expectations on Olympic Game's national influence is significantly stronger than the one on the Game's individual influence.This implied that the decline of collectivism and increase of individualism.The study also found,however,that the relationship between the international and the national influences,and the one be

关 键 词：北京“双奥” 民众关注 民众参与 社会心态 

分 类 号：G81[文化科学—体育学]