高镍电镀污泥中镍的分离与硫酸镍的制备研究  

Separation of Nickel from High-Nickel Electroplating Sludge and Preparation of Nickel Sulfate

作　　者：焦奥博 刘牡丹 吕先谨 刘勇 吕建芳 冯嘉颖 周吉奎 JIAO Aobo;LIU Mudan;LYU Xianjin;LIU Yong;LYU Jianfang;FENG Jiaying;ZHOU Jikui(Institute of Resource Utilization and Rare Earth Development,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation and Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Metals,Guangzhou 510650,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所,广东广州510650 [2]稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510650

出　　处：《矿冶工程》2025年第1期86-91,102,共7页Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2904604);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515110853)。

摘　　要：采用酸浸-氧化沉淀除杂-溶剂萃取深度除杂的方法有效分离与回收高镍电镀污泥中镍,并制备高纯六水合硫酸镍。首先通过硫酸浸出污泥,使污泥中绝大部分镍、铜、铁和铝进入浸出液;然后往浸出液中加入过氧化氢氧化沉淀除铁,适宜的终点pH值为3;再采用硫化钠除杂,适宜的硫化钠过量系数为1.2,铁和铜沉淀率分别达到了99.43%和98.13%;调节沉淀后液pH值,得到氢氧化镍沉淀后用硫酸溶解为硫酸镍溶液,并用P204萃取剂深度除杂,Cu、Fe、Al二级萃取率分别达到了98.41%、99.99%、95.15%,Ni萃取率仅9.4%;萃余液经过蒸发浓缩-冷却结晶制得纯度超过99.95%的六水合硫酸镍。A technique consisting of acid leaching,oxidative precipitation for impurity removal,and solvent extraction was adopted to effectively separate and recover nickel from high-nickel electroplating sludge,and then high-purity nickel sulfate hexahydrate was prepared.Firstly,the sludge was leached with sulfuric acid,and most of nickel,copper,iron and aluminum in the sludge were leached out in the leachate;then,hydrogen peroxide was added to the leachate for oxidation and precipitation to remove iron therein,and the suitable endpoint pH value was 3;after that,sodium sulfide with an appropriate excess coefficient of 1.2 was added to remove impurities therein,resulting in the precipitation rates of Fe and Cu reaching 99.43%and 98.13%respectively;by adjusting the pH value of the precipitated solution,nickel hydroxide was precipitated and then dissolved with sulfuric acid into nickel sulfate solution,which was extracted with P204 for deep removal of impurities.As a result,the secondary extraction rates of Cu,Fe and Al were up to 98.41%,99.99%and 95.15%respectively,and the extraction rate of Ni was just 9.4%.The obtained raffinate was subjected to evaporation concentration,followed by cooling crystallization,and a nickel sulfate hexahydrate with purity exceeding 99.95%was finally prepared.

关 键 词：电镀污泥 镍 酸浸 溶剂萃取 除杂 硫酸镍 除铁 沉铜 除铝 

分 类 号：TF815[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF804.2