激光选区熔化技术制备Al-Si-Mg合金的组织及力学性能研究  

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Mg Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

作　　者：刘勇[1] LIU Yong(Yichun Vocational Technical College,Yichun 336000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宜春职业技术学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《矿冶工程》2025年第1期166-170,共5页Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

基　　金：江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2204305)。

摘　　要：采用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术制备了高比强度的Al-Si-Mg合金,并与铸造Al-Si-Mg合金的相组成、微观形貌、元素分布、晶体学特性及力学性能进行了对比。结果表明:SLM技术制备Al-Si-Mg合金的相组成为α-Al基体相和共晶Si颗粒,由于Fe、Mg等元素的固溶强化效应,α-Al固溶体的衍射峰向低角度偏移;SLM技术制备Al-Si-Mg合金晶粒尺寸约18.35μm,合金内部位错密度1.91×10^(15)/m^(2),表面硬度(117.8±4.7)HV,抗拉强度(436±13)MPa,延伸率(7.98±0.27)%,远高于铸造Al-Si-Mg合金的相应性能;SLM技术制备合金的强化机制为细晶强化、固溶强化、位错强化和第二相强化的协同作用,断裂机制为韧性断裂。A high-strength Al-Si-Mg alloy was prepared by adopting selective laser melting(SLM),and then compared to the as-cast Al-Si-Mg alloy in terms of phase composition,microstructure,element distribution,crystallographic characteristics,and mechanical properties.It is found that Al-Si-Mg alloy prepared by SLM consists ofα-Al matrix and eutectic Si particles,and the diffraction peaks ofα-Al solid solution shift to lower angles due to the solid solution strengthening effect of Fe and Mg elements.The Al-Si-Mg alloy prepared by SLM has grain size approaching 18.35μm,the dislocation density of 1.91×10^(15)/m^(2),the surface hardness of(117.8±4.7)HV,the tensile strength of(436±13)MPa,and the elongation of(7.98±0.27)%,presenting superior performance than the as-cast Al-Si-Mg alloy.The alloy prepared by SLM technology is under the synergetic effect of fine grain strengthening,solid solution strengthening,dislocation strengthening and second phase strengthening,and the ductile fracture is its main failure mechanism.

关 键 词：激光选区熔化 3D打印 增材制造 AL-SI-MG合金 硬度 抗拉强度 强化机制 固溶强化 细晶强化 位错强化 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]