为何从“研”:理工类本科生科研参与动机动态变化的类型及影响因素  

Why Participate in"Research":Types and Influencing Factors of Dynamic Changes in Motivation for Undergraduate Research Participation among Students in Science and Engineering

作　　者：宋颖颖 SONG Ying-ying(East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2025年第4期29-36,共8页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

基　　金：2023年国家自然科学基金面上项目“拔尖本科生专业学习规律及培优策略研究”(编号:72374072)。

摘　　要：动机是激发并维持学生科研行为的内在心理力量。采用扎根理论,以一所“985”高校的11名理工类本科生为研究对象,深入分析其科研参与动机的变化类型、影响因素、作用机制。结果发现,理工类本科生科研参与动机动态变化共有“矢志不渝型”“峰回路转型”“改弦易辙型”等三种。通过三级编码,建构出影响理工类本科生科研参与动机动态变化的“个体认知-行为动力-空间交互(I-B-S)”模型。在学生对科研的认知结构、效能感知等个体认知因素以及过程能动性等行为动力因素方面,若积极发展,可正向强化动机,反之则起负向消解作用;自由度和近端环境等空间互动受限,产生弱化动机影响。基于研究结果,对如何增强理工类本科生科研参与动机进行探讨,以期为高校开展科研工作提供一定借鉴。Motivation is the internal psychological force that stimulates and sustains students'research participation behavior.Using grounded theory,this study analyzes the types of changes,influencing factors,and mechanisms of action in the motivation of undergraduate students to participate in research,taking 1l science and engineering students from a"985"university as subjects.The results found that there are three types of changes in undergraduate research participation motivation:constant internal motivation,external to internal motivation,and motivated to unmotivated.Through three-level coding,an"individual cognition-behavioral dynamic-spatial interaction(I-B-S)"model that affects the changes in undergraduate research participation motivation was constructed.Individual cognition factors such as students'cognitive structure and perceived efficacy in research,behavioral dynamic factors such as proactive engagement,if actively developed,can positively reinforce motivation,while the opposite can have a negative weakening effect;spatial interaction such as the need for freedom and the proximal environment,if limited,can weaken the influence of motivation.Based on the research findings,discussing on how to enhance undergraduate participation motivation,in order to provide some reference for the research work of colleges and universities.

关 键 词：理工类 本科生科研 科研参与动机 扎根理论 

分 类 号：G444[哲学宗教—心理学]