儒臣使命感、复古观与诗学思想——王夫之对何景明批评动因探寻  

Sense of Mission, Archaist Views and Poetics Thought: An Exploration for the Motivations for Wang Fuzhi's Criticism of He Jingming

作　　者：张思琪 师海军[1] ZHANG Siqi;SHI Haijun(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710062,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学,西安710062

出　　处：《景德镇学院学报》2025年第1期29-34,共6页Journal of JingDeZhen University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BZW116);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目古籍整理专项项目(24ZYGJ002)。

摘　　要：王夫之是明末清初文学批评领域的杰出代表,也是清初反思明代复古诗学的重要人物。他对何景明的批评主要集中在《姜斋诗话》《明诗评选》和《俟解》三部著作中。王夫之对何景明的批评动因与多种因素有关。第一,他是在“夷”变“夏”的历史背景下,作为士大夫,受到精神的感召,对复古思潮进行反思和批判。第二,他试图重构复古观,对复古派的复古理念进行反思和修正。第三,明清之际诗学的转变也对他产生了影响,以性情为本的诗学思想逐渐兴起,而以格调为本的诗学思想逐渐衰退,这也促使他对何景明等复古派诗人进行了批评。本文对王夫之关于何景明的诗学思想批评进行系统梳理,并分析他对何景明批评的深层原因,从而凸现王夫之在明清诗学转型之际的重要意义。Wang Fuzhi is an outstanding representative in the field of literary criticism in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and also an important figure in the early Qing Dynasty in reflection upon the Ming Dynasty's archaist poetics.His criticism of He Jingming is mainly concentrated in three works:Jiang Zhai's Thoughts on Poems,The Selection of Ming Poems,and Yi Jie.Jiang Zhai's Philosophy;and the motive of such criticism is related to many factors.First,he lived in the context of the change from"Yi"to"Xia",which was bound to inspire him,a literati of that times,to reflect upon and criticize the retro trend of thought.Second,he tried to reconstruct the archaist views,revising the archaist ideal of the archaist school.Third,the change of poetics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties also had an impact on him.That is,in those days,the idea of poetics based on temperament emerged while the idea of poetics based on style declined gradually,which prompted him to criticize the archaist poets such as He Jingming.This paper systematically combs out Wang Fuzhi's criticism of He Jingming's poetics,and analyzes the reasons for it,so as to reveal the significance of Wang Fuzhi's contribution to the poetics transformation in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：何景明 复古运动 王夫之 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]