社区衰弱前期及衰弱老年人的体力活动现状及影响因素分析  

Current status and factors influencing physical activity among pre-frail and frail older adults in the community

作　　者：罗欢欢 胡慧秀[2] 孙超[1,2] 赵雅洁 谢兰英 Luo Huanhuan;Hu Huixiu;Sun Chao;Zhao Yajie;Xie Lanying(Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Nursing Department,Beijing Hospital&National Center of Gerontology&Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Cardiology,Beijing Hospital&National Center of Gerontology&Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;School of Nursing,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]北京医院、国家老年医学中心、北京协和医学院、中国医学科学院,北京100730 [2]北京医院护理部、国家老年医学中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [3]北京医院心内科、国家老年医学中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [4]北京中医药大学护理学院,北京100730

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2025年第10期1313-1320,共8页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：中央高水平医院科研业务费指南专项(BJ-2023-151);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72304046);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3332023093);辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技项目(2022JH1/10800072);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2008504)。

摘　　要：目的了解社区衰弱前期和衰弱老年人的体力活动现状及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2024年4—6月选取北京市东花市社区、方庄社区的207名衰弱前期和衰弱老年人为研究对象,调查其一般资料、生活行为情况、营养状况和体力活动水平。采用二项Logistic回归分析探讨社区衰弱前期和衰弱老年人体力活动水平的影响因素。结果共发放问卷207份,回收有效问卷204份,问卷有效回收率为98.55%。204名社区衰弱前期和衰弱老年人的老年人体力活动量表得分为86.87(52.14,125.00)分,活动形式以散步(98.5%,201/204)和轻家务性体力活动(85.8%,175/204)为主。二项Logistic回归分析显示,午睡(OR=3.614)、夜间睡眠时长异常(OR=4.077)、运动前或运动时存在跌倒恐惧(OR=7.895)和营养不良风险(OR=9.263)是社区衰弱前期和衰弱老年人体力活动水平危险因素(P<0.05);运动认知良好(OR=0.055)是社区衰弱前期和衰弱老年人体力活动水平的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论社区衰弱前期和衰弱老年人体力活动水平较低,活动形式以散步和家务活动为主。社区医护人员应加强对衰弱前期和衰弱的老年人体力活动的管理,培养其良好生活习惯,改善睡眠质量,保证充足的夜间睡眠,帮助其克服运动前或运动时的跌倒恐惧,树立正确的运动观念,形成良好的运动认知水平,并引导其家属关注老年人的营养状态,谨防营养不良风险,提高体力活动水平以延缓甚至逆转衰弱状态。Objective To explore the current status and factors influencing physical activity among pre-frail and frail older adults in the community.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 207 pre-frail and frail older adults from Donghuashi community and Fangzhuang community in Beijing from April to June 2024 as study subjects.Older adults were surveyed for their general information,lifestyle behaviors,nutritional status,and physical activity.Binary Logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing the level of physical activity among pre-frail and frail older adults in the community.Results A total of 207 questionnaires were distributed and 204 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a valid recovery rate of 98.55%.The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score of the 204 community-based pre-frail and frail older adults was 86.87(52.14,125.00),and the form of activity was predominantly walking(98.5%,201/204)and light domestic physical activity(85.8%,175/204).Binary Logistic regression showed that taking a nap(OR=3.614),abnormal nighttime sleep duration(OR=4.077),fear of falling before or during exercise(OR=7.895),and risk of malnutrition(OR=9.263)were risk factors for levels of physical activity in pre-frail and frail older adults in the community(P<0.05),and good exercise cognition(OR=0.055)was a protective factor for physical activity levels(P<0.05).Conclusions Pre-frail and frail older adults in the community have low levels of physical activity,which is dominated by walking and household activities.Community healthcare workers should strengthen the management of physical activity for pre-frail and frail older adults,cultivate their good living habits,improve their sleep quality,ensure sufficient night sleep,help them overcome the fear of falling before or during exercise,set up the correct concept of exercise,form a good cognition of exercise,and guide their family members to pay attention to the nutritional status of older adults,beware of the risk of malnutrition,and improve the level of ph

关 键 词：老年人 衰弱 体力活动 影响因素 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]