甘南高寒退化草甸多物种组配的修复效果评估  

Effect of multi-species grouping on restoration of alpine degraded meadows in Gannan,China

作　　者：马东峰 贾存智 王学朋 赵鹏鹏 胡小文[2] MA Dong-Feng;JIA Cun-Zhi;WANG Xue-Peng;ZHAO Peng-PengHU Xiao-Wen(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystem,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;China State Construction Railway Investment&Engineering Group Co.,LTD,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730000 [3]中建铁路投资建设集团有限公司,北京102600

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第1期93-102,共10页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020202);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3201602)。

摘　　要：补播改良是草地修复的关键措施之一,而补播物种及其组配形式的选择对于修复效果至关重要。合理组配多种物种以最大程度地提高功能互补性、确保群落稳定性和多功能性是草地恢复的关键。该研究在甘肃省甘南藏族自治州玛曲县的典型退化高寒草地开展了乡土草种的多物种组配混播实验。结果显示,多物种混播显著提高了草地的地上生物量、盖度和物种丰富度。通过连续3年对不同组合混播后草地的地上生物量、物种丰富度和优质牧草比例等指标的综合评价,筛选出表现较为优良的组合有:禾草混播组合是垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)+中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)+草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)+紫羊茅(Festucarubra)+冷地早熟禾(Poacrymophila)+星星草(Puccinelliatenuiflora);禾-豆混播组合有垂穗披碱草+中华羊茅+草地早熟禾+紫羊茅+高山豆(Tibetiahimalaica)+花苜蓿(Medicagoruthenica)和垂穗披碱草+中华羊茅+草地早熟禾+紫羊茅+高山豆+花苜蓿+歪头菜(Viciaunijuga)+斜茎黄耆(Astragaluslaxmannii);禾-豆-莎多物种混播组合是垂穗披碱草+中华羊茅+草地早熟禾+紫羊茅+高山豆+花苜蓿+歪头菜+斜茎黄耆+莎草类。以上多物种混播组合在甘南高寒退化草甸的修复过程中保持了较好的群落稳定性和草地生产性能,可以为相似退化区域的高寒草地恢复提供参考。Aims Reseeding is one of the key measures for grassland restoration,and selecting reseeding species and their combination is crucial for the restoration effect.The key to grassland restoration is how to rationally combine multiple species to maximize functional complementarity and ensure community stability and multifunctionality.Methods This study conducted a multi-species combination experiment of native grasses in a typical degraded alpine meadow in Maqu County,Gansu Province.Important findings The results showed that multi-species reseeding significantly increased the biomass,coverage and species richness of the grassland.We comprehensively evaluated the indexes of aboveground biomass,species richness and proportion of high-quality forage in grassland after mixed reseeding different species combinations.Eventually,the combinations with better performance were screened out as:combinations based on grass mixtures:Elymus nutans+Festuca sinensis+Poa pratensis+Festuca rubra+Poa crymophila+Puccinellia tenuiflora;combinations based on grass-legume mixes:Elymus nutans+Festuca sinensis+Poa pratensis+Festuca rubra+Tibetia himalaica+Medicago ruthenica and Elymus nutans+Festuca sinensis+Poa pratensis+Festuca rubra+Tibetia himalaica+Medicago ruthenica+Vicia unijuga+Astragalus laxmannii;combinations based on grass-legume-sedge mixes:Elymus nutans+Festuca sinensis+Poa pratensis+Festuca rubra+Tibetia himalaica+Medicago ruthenica+Vicia unijuga+Astragalus laxmannii+Cyperaceae.These multi-species mixing combinations maintained better community stability and grass production performance during the restoration of alpine degraded meadows in Gannan.This study can provide a reference for alpine grassland restoration in similar degraded areas.

关 键 词：物种配置 补播 高寒草甸 草地恢复 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]