呼伦贝尔退化草原土壤养分调控的原理与技术  

Theory and application of soil nutrient regulation for degraded steppe in Hulun Buir,China

作　　者：刘伟[1] 郝毅晴 孙佳美 王璟 范冰 郝建玺 金那申 潘庆民[1] LIU Wei;HAO Yi-Qing;SUN Jia-Mei;WANG Jing;FAN Bing;HAO Jian-Xi;JIN Na-Shen;PAN Qing-Min(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China National Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hulun Buir Ecological Industry Technology Research Institute,Hailar,Nei Mongol 021008,China;Hulun Buir Forestry Group,Hailar,Nei Mongol 021008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,国家植物园,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]呼伦贝尔生态产业技术研究院,内蒙古海拉尔021008 [4]内蒙古呼伦贝尔林业集团,内蒙古海拉尔021008

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第1期138-147,共10页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020101);国家自然科学基金(32230069);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302100);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2020CG0124)。

摘　　要：退化草原恢复是中国草原管理与可持续利用面临的瓶颈问题。养分亏缺是退化草原难以恢复的一个主要限制因子。土壤养分调控的本质是在补充土壤养分的前提下,调控植物群落组成,恢复退化草原原有优势种,提高生产力和优质牧草比例,并减少养分添加导致的负面环境效应。该研究基于在呼伦贝尔退化草原开展的恢复实验,依据退化草原土壤养分亏缺现状、植物生长的限制元素以及不同物种的养分需求特性,提出了退化草原土壤养分调控技术,其关键过程包括“以需定量、氮磷协同、补充微肥、早春施肥、深施入土、条带作业”6个技术环节。土壤养分调控技术在我国呼伦贝尔草原具有广泛的应用前景。退化草原生产功能和生态功能的提升对于提高农牧民收入、保障我国饲草安全、维护我国北方生态安全和民族团结具有重要意义。In China,the restoration of degraded grasslands is impeding the management of grasslands and their sustainable utilization.Soil nutrient deficiency is one of the main constraints for restoring degraded grassland.The essence of soil nutrient regulation is to restore the original dominant species,promote grassland productivity and the occupancy of high-quality forage in degraded grasslands,and meanwhile diminish the negative environmental effects caused by nutrient addition.Taking advantage of a restoration experiment carried out in a degraded grassland of Hulun Buir,in terms of the deficient soil nutrients,the limiting elements for plant growth and the nutrient specificity for different plant species,we developed soil nutrient regulation technique.The key technical points are as follow:demand-based dosage,synergy of nitrogen and phosphorus,microelements supplemention,early-spring fertilization,deep fertilizaiton and strip operation.Soil nutrient regulation technique has broad prospects in application in Hulun Buir grassland,China.Improving the productive and ecological functions of degraded grasslands is of great significance for increasing the income of farmers and herders,ensuring the security of fodder grass supply,and safeguarding ecological security and national unity in northern China.

关 键 词：草原退化 草甸草原 限制元素 施肥 生产力 

分 类 号：S81[农业科学—畜牧学]