有机肥和无机肥对退化草原羊草种群密度和个体生物量的影响  

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis in degraded grassland

作　　者：郝毅晴 刘伟[1] 杨阳[1,2] 安冰儿 范冰 李超 崔久辉 程延彬 孙佳美 潘庆民 HAO Yi-Qing;LIU Wei;YANG Yang;AN Bing-Er;FAN Bing;LI Chao;CUI Jiu-Hui;CHENG Yan-Bin;SUN Jia-Mei;PAN Qing-Min(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Inner Mongolia Hulun Buir State Farm,Hailar,Nei Mongol 021000,China;Forestry and Grassland Resources Center of Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia,Xilinhot,Nei Mongol 026000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,国家植物园,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]内蒙古呼伦贝尔农垦集团,内蒙古海拉尔021000 [4]内蒙古锡林郭勒盟林业和草原资源中心,内蒙古锡林浩特026000

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第1期148-158,共11页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020101);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302100);国家自然科学基金(32230069);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2020CG0124)。

摘　　要：羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原是中国北方温带草原具代表性的植物群落类型。过度放牧导致羊草种群在群落中的比例大幅度降低。施用有机肥或无机肥可以显著促进羊草种群的恢复,但其背后的机制迄今尚不清楚。该研究以呼伦贝尔退化羊草草原为对象,探讨了相同的氮、磷添加水平下,有机肥和无机肥对植物群落、羊草种群和个体的影响。结果表明:在植物群落水平,有机肥和无机肥添加均显著提高了群落地上生物量(2021–2023年),且有机肥的增产效果显著大于无机肥,但是,第2年和第3年,有机肥处理显著降低了植物物种多样性。在羊草种群水平,施用有机肥和无机肥均显著提高了羊草种群地上生物量以及羊草在群落中的比例,且有机肥处理效果优于无机肥。在处理第3年,无机肥和有机肥处理羊草种群密度分别比对照提高了1.79和8.89倍。在羊草个体水平,无机肥和有机肥处理的第3年,羊草个体生物量分别比对照增加了85.3%和69.1%。羊草种群密度可解释其种群生物量变化的81.8%,而个体生物量只能解释6.2%。以上结果表明,施用无机肥或有机肥促进羊草种群优势地位的恢复主要是通过密度调节进行的。Aims Leymus chinensis grassland is one of the most representative vegetation types in northern temperate grassland of China.Overgrazing causes great decline in the proportion of L.chinensis biomass to community biomass.Application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly promote the recovery of L.chinensis population,but the underlying mechanisms is still poorly understood.Methods In a degraded L.chinensis grassland in Hulun Buir,the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on plant community,L.chinensis populations and individuals were explored with the same amount of nitrogen(10 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1))and phosphorus(3 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1))application.Important findings At the plant community level,the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers both consistently and significantly increased above-ground biomass in all three years(2021–2023),with the higher biomass under organic fertilizer application.While the application of organic fertilizer significantly reduced the inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the aboveground biomass of L.chinensis and its proportion incommunity-level biomass,with higher values under organic fertilizer application.In the third year,the density ofL.chinensis with inorganic and organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased by 1.79 and 8.89 times,respectively.At the individual level,the biomass of L.chinensis with inorganic and organic fertilizer treatmentssignificantly increased by 85.3%and 69.1%,respectively.Variance partition analysis suggested that thepopulation density and individual biomass respectively explained 81.8%and 6.2%of the variation in populationbiomass of L.chinensis.Our results suggested that the application of organic or inorganic fertilizer can promotethe restoration of degraded L.chinensis grassland.The increase in population density rather than individualbiomass of L.chinensis is the predominant mechanism for its population recovery.

关 键 词：退化草地恢复 群落生物量 物种多样性 密度调节 个体生物量调节 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]